2019中考英語語法常見習慣用語知識復習
常見習慣用語(一) 知識概要
由于英語國家的語言習慣與中國的語言習慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學在做選擇或書寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。例如一個小女孩十分好看,可愛,外國人見到時會講: you are so beautiful 這時的答語應該是 thank you 如果外國人發現你的英語不錯,他們會講: your english is very good 這時中國人常常會說:不,我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語,但是不符合英語習慣。它正確的答語應是 thank you 雖然交際英語 有一些規律可講,但更重要的是學習外國的生活習慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學好一門外語。
(二) 正誤辨析
[誤] - what can i do for you?
- yes, please help me
[正] - what can i do for you?
- i'd like to buy a sweater
[析] what can i do for you? 這一問語實際上用于的情景很多,要根據具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應譯為:您想要點什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語應是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。
[誤] - which colour do you like?
- sorry, i don't like
[正] - which colour do you like?
- i prefer blue
[析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 yes, i like it
[誤] do you like to come with us tonight?
[正] would you like to come with us tonight?
[析] do you like … 問的是對方的習慣,如: do you like swimming? do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請、提議。邀請的英語表達法還有如下幾種:
shall we go? 我們走吧!
let's go? 讓我們走吧!
how about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
what about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?
why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?
其肯定答語一般為certainly, yes, o.k. all right, with pleasure
[誤] sorry, i've kept you waiting
not at all
[正] sorry, i've kept you waiting
never mind
[析] "介意不介意"這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如:
- do you mind my smoking here?- _________
a. yes, do it please
b. no, of course not
c. yes, take it please
d. no, you can't take it
這時正確的選擇應是b。 其意為:不介意,當然不。而a選項則自相矛盾了,它應譯為:是的我介意,請抽吧。而 d選項是:不介意,你不能抽。當向對方爭求意見時,可以有以下問法:
do you mind if i open the door?
would you mind mailing the letter for me
其答語如果是同意應為: certainly not, not at all
而不同意時應為 yes, 或 i'm sorry
[誤] what's that man?
he is mike
[正] what's that man?
he is a teacher
[正] who's that man?
he is mike (he is mike's father)
[析] 由 what 提問是問的職業,由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。