Unit 10 By the time I got outside教學設計

e.g. when we got there, the football match had already started.
    當我們到那里時，足球比賽已經開始了。（過去時間是when從句）
動詞過去分詞的構成與一般過去式的構成相似，一般情況下在動詞詞尾加－ed,特殊動詞須特殊記憶,如：have—had—had，get—got—gotten，begin—began—begun，leave—left—left，go—went—gone等。例如：
she had learnt english words by the end of last month.
到上個月末，她已經學了XX個英語單詞了。
i hadn't learnt japanese before i went to japan.
我去日本之前沒學過日語。
注意：過去完成時的否定句和疑問句直接通過had的變化即可。
2.when 和by the time引導的時間狀語從句
by the time 到……時候為止，指從過去某一點到，從句所示的時間為止，這一時間段。when當……時候，指過去的某一時間點。從句用一般現在時，主句為過去完成時。
e.g. by the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
    到她起床的時候，她的弟弟已經去洗澡間了。
    by the time she went outside, the bus had already gone
    到她走到外面的時候，公共汽車已經走了。
    when she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home
    當她到學校的時候，她意識到她把書包放在家里了。
   （在這句話中，過去的時間點為“到校”的時候，“她把書包放在家里”則發生在“過去的過去”。）
3.how to narrate past events.  如何描述過去的事件
描述過去的事件，首要注意一點是時態。由于事情發生在過去，因此一定要用過去的某種時態。但如果是直接引語（如在雙引號之內），則根據當時的情況來決定。
表示過去的時態有：
（1）一般過去時：結構：動詞的過去式
（2）過去進行時：結構：was / were ＋現在分詞
（3）過去完成時：結構：had＋過去分詞
（4）過去將來時：結構：would＋動詞原形
請看例文1：
it was sunday.i went to a pool to fish.i thought there must be some fish for me to catch.i held my fishing pole, waiting patiently.suddenly a big fish was caught.i was glad and put it into my little basket.before long my sister came without a word she put back the fish into the water.i was astonished.i really thought she became mad.she ordered me to put down the fishing pole and led me to a place not far away.there stood a sign, reading “no fishing”.i realized that i was making a mistake
（注意觀察文中時態的應用）