八年級英語Past and present教案
unit 1 past and present
一. 教學內容:
unit 1 past and present grammar
二. 教學目標:
掌握unit1的語法: present perfect tense 現在完成時的用法
(一)基本概念
1、定義
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,但它的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2、構成: have (has) +過去分詞。規則變化的過去分詞與過去式的變化一樣,在動詞詞尾加ed; 不規則變化的過去分詞見不規則動詞表,需要同學們記憶。
3、句型:
現以see the film為例將現在完成時的肯定句,否定句和疑問句列表如下:
肯定句:i/you/we/they have seen the film. he/she /it has seen the film.
否定句:i/you/we/they have not/ haven’t seen the film.
he/ she/it has not/hasn’t seen the film.
疑問句:have i/you/they seen the film? yes, you/ we/i/they have. no, you/ we/i/they haven’t.
has he/she/it seen the film? yes, he/ she/ it has. no, he/ she/ it hasn’t.
(二)用法:現在完成時既涉及過去,又聯系現在。
用法一:表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。常與just(剛剛),already(已經),never(從來沒有),ever(曾經),before(以前),yet(仍然),once(一次),twice(兩次),many times(很多次),how many times(多少次),so far(迄今為止),during the past(last)three years(最近三年來)等連用。
※ 副詞的位置:①just常用于肯定句中,放在have / has后,he has just come .
②never表示否定, 放在have / has后, he has never visited the great wall.
③ever用于疑問句中,句型為: have / has+主語+ever +過去分詞?“……曾經……過嗎?”用于詢問某人過去的經歷。have you ever been to the farm?
④before用于句末,the woman has never heard of that before.
⑤yet 用于句末或not 之后. has the train arrived yet? no, not yet.
⑥already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.we have already finished it.
⑦so far用于句首或句末. so far, we have visited the moon.
用法二:表示過去已經開始,一直延續到現在的動作或狀態。時間狀語有:
(三)現在完成時態中可以和表示一段時間的狀語(for,since,how long, all one’s life)連用的動詞必須是表示延續的情況或動作的動詞,即延續性動詞。如:be,have,know,live,work,study,learn,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clean等。
i have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. how long has he lived here?
(四)延續性動詞的現在完成時可和包括“現在”在內的(到說話時仍未結束)表示一段時間的狀語連用。如this morning,today,this week,these days
he has been to beijing three times this year.
he has written two letters this morning.(說話時間在上午)
he wrote two letters this morning.(說話時間在下午或晚上)
(五)英語中還有一些動詞的意義決定它們所表示的動作不能延續,只是一瞬間