八年級英語Past and present教案
就結束的動作,這類動詞叫做“非延續性動詞”，常見的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。這些動詞可用于現在完成時，說明某個動作的結果還存在，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語（how long，for，since）連用。
he has come back.（√）
he has come back for two hours.（×）
※ 但在否定句中，非延續性動詞也可用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾，如
i haven’t heard from my father for a long time.
we haven’t seen him since 1999.
（六）當終止性動詞（非延續性動詞）與表示一段時間的狀語（how long，since，for，all one’s life）相矛盾時,改正錯句的方法有如下幾種:
（1）用副詞ago把現在完成時的句子改為一般過去時.
he has come back for two weeks.（錯）
改為: he came back two weeks ago.（正）
i have lost my bike for ten days. （錯）
改為: i lost my bike ten days ago. （正）
（2）用“it is / has been＋時間＋since＋一般過去時態”句型來改寫。
he has joined the league for 3 years. （錯）
it is 3 years since he joined the league.（正）
i have bought the book for 5 days. （錯）
it is 5 days since i bought the book. （正）
he has died for 20 years. （錯）
it is 20 years since he died. （正）
（3）用“時間＋has passed＋since＋一般過去時態”句型來改寫。
he has left home for 20 years.
改為: twenty years has passed since he left home.
he has lost his pen for 2 days.
改為: two days has passed since he lost his pen.
（4）用系表結構來改寫.
he has died for 20 years.
改為: he has been dead for 20 years.
the factory has opened since 1999.
改為: the factory has been open since 1999.
how long has he left?
改為: how long has he been away?
（5）用相應的延續性動詞替代非延續性動詞。
he has bought the book for two weeks.
改為: he has had the book for two weeks.
常見的相應轉換形式如下:
borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be on , open→be open , close→be closed, die→be dead , leave→be away（from）, go to school→be in school / be a student, get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get to know→know, lose→be lost, become→be, return / come back / get back→be back, join→be in / be a…member, join the army→be in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold, begin to study→study
他參軍已有三年。
he has joined the army for three years.（錯）
改為：
he has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.
he has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.