Unit 6 Fun Cycling
to see is to believe.眼見為實。for a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. =it is a terrible thing for a dog to die like that. 一條狗像那樣死去是一件可怕的事。（for a dog是不定式的主語）for one to know everything is impossible. =it’s impossible for one to know everything. 一個人什么都知道是不可能的。for his brother john to go to sea seems natural. =it seems natural for his brother john to go to sea. 他兄弟john去當(dāng)水手是很自然的事。it’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了，那可太不應(yīng)該了。it’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我們不接受邀請不合適。（否定）it has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何時何地討論她的辭職還沒定。但是，下列形容詞做表語時，不定式的邏輯主語由of引出：careless粗心的，clever聰明的，cruel殘忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的 ，naughty淘氣的，nice好的，polite禮貌的，right正確的，rude無禮的 ，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong錯誤的，等等。為什么這些詞要用of引出不定式呢？因為這些形容詞都是描寫人的性格和特點的形容詞。“it is + 形容詞 ＋of sb.+ to do sth.”這樣的句型更強(qiáng)調(diào)某人如何如何，可以改寫為：“sb. + be + 形容詞 + to do sth.” 而“for sb. to do sth.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)更強(qiáng)調(diào)做某事如何如何。例如：it is unwise of you to go to the united states at this time. =you are unwise to go to the united states at this time. 強(qiáng)調(diào)你不明智。而 “it is difficult for you to learn english.”更強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)英語很難，不能寫成you are difficult to learn english. （這句話含有邏輯錯誤。）it’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =you’re kind to come to see us off. 你來為我們送行太好了。it’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much. =he is unwise to drink and smoke so much. 他喝這么多酒抽這么多煙是不明智的。it’s extremely cruel of john to kill animals. john殺害動物真是殘忍之極。it’s rude/polite of jack to say this to her. jack對她說這個，很無禮/不禮貌。 2. 作賓語及賓語補(bǔ)語。（1） 有些及物動詞常用動詞不定式作賓語。常見的這類動詞有：afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt試圖，beg乞求，begin開始，choose選擇，claim聲稱，consent同意，dare敢，decide決定，decline謝絕，desire欲想，demand要求，determine決心，expect期待，fail失敗，forget忘記，hate討厭，help幫助，hope希望，intend打算，learn學(xué)習(xí)，like喜歡，long渴望，manage設(shè)法，mean打算，need需要，offer主動提出，plan計劃，prefer更喜歡，prepare準(zhǔn)備，pretend假裝，promise答應(yīng)，refuse拒絕，remember記得，seek尋求，seem好像，tend傾向，threaten威脅，undertake承擔(dān)，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。例如：i agreed to support him. 我答應(yīng)支持他。