高二英語Getting along with others教案
grammar: 動(dòng)詞不定式一.不定式的五種基本形式主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done
進(jìn)行式
to be doing不定式的否定形式：not to do/ not to have done / not to be doing/ not to be done/ not to have been done不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式①不定式的進(jìn)行式由to be + v-ing構(gòu)成，用來表示謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。eg. some students pretended ____________ (read) english when the teacher came in.②不定式完成式由to have + v-ed構(gòu)成，用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。eg. --- is bob still performing? --- i’m afraid not. he is said __________ (leave) the stage already as he has become an official.③不定式的被動(dòng)式分為一般式被動(dòng)to be v-ed和完成式被動(dòng)to have been v-ed。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。eg. it is an honour for me_____________ (invite) to the party. the book is said _______________________ (translate) into many languages. all these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for christmas. a. in order to have received b. in order to receive c. so as to be received d. so as to be receiving二. 不定式句法功能1. 作主語：to find a true friend is difficult. 不定式短語作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情況下，尤其是在疑問句和感嘆句中，往往放在謂語之后，而用先行代詞it作形式主語it is difficult to find a true friend.is it difficult to find a true friend?how difficult it is to find a true friend!不定式作主語常見句型：a) it is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + to do sth.b) it is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + to do sth. eg. it’s a pleasure to go shopping at weekends.c) it takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + to do sth.eg. it requires patience to be a good teacher.2. 作表語：當(dāng)句子的主語是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，后面可以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。eg. our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表語的不定式都帶to，但當(dāng)主語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，to可以省略。eg. the only thing we can do now is wait and see.3.作賓語 the teacher said “remember to bring the book tomorrow!”a) 可以直接用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞很多，常見的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等