2016屆高考英語主謂一致語法復習
高中英語語法之主謂一致
概述：1) 語法形式上要一致,即用作主語的名詞中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復數形式上一致 2) 意義上要一致,即主語和謂語的一致關系取決于主語的單、復數意義.
1 并列結構作主語時當意義為復數時謂語用復數
注意: 當主語由and連結時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數,and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞.
the iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
the league secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
a. is b. was c. are d. were
答案b. 注: 先從時態上考慮.這是過去發生的事情應用過去時,先排除a.,c..本題易誤選d,因為the league secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別, monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞.后面的職務用and 相連.這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選b.
2 主謂一致中的靠近原則
當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致.
there is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
there are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
總的來說，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…連接主語的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語動詞的單復數按就近原則處理，即按與謂語動詞最靠近的那個主語來確定謂語動詞的單復數形式。如：
not only john but also i am going to shanghai next week. either you or she is to go.
here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語一致. the teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. he as well as i wants to go boating.
4 謂語需用單數
1) 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語,或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數.
each of us has a tape-recorder. there is something wrong with my watch.
2) 當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數.
the arabian night is a book known to lovers of english.
< the arabian night >是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書.
3) 表示金錢,時間.距離.價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數.(用復數也可,意思不變.) three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. ten yuan is enough.
5 指代意義決定謂語的單復數
1) 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復數由其指代的詞的單復數決定. all is right. (一切順利.) all are present. (所有人都到齊了.)