主謂一致專項復(fù)習(xí)
【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
·掌握主謂一致的原則。
·掌握主謂一致應(yīng)注意的幾個問題。
【課前準(zhǔn)備】
·要求學(xué)生回憶有關(guān)主謂一致的具體應(yīng)用。
【知識要點】
1\語法形式上的一致。
主語為單數(shù)形式, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式:主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.意義上一致。
(1)主語形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞有people, police, audience等。
(2)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上卻是單數(shù)或不可數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
形復(fù)意單(不可數(shù))的詞有:news, maths, physics等。
3.就近原則
謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的主語,如there be句型或用連詞either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also等。
4.要注意的幾個問題。
(1)class, family, team, country, school等集合名詞作主語時,如果指整體,用單數(shù);如果指每個成員,用復(fù)數(shù)。
如:his family are watching tv in the sitting room.
his family is very big.
(2)trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors單獨作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)它們與a pair of或pairs of連用時,謂語動詞與pair的數(shù)保持一致。
如:the pair of glasses fits you well.
several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.
(3)名詞性物主代詞后的動詞單復(fù)數(shù),取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
如:ours (=our party) is a great party.
your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown.
5.當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引導(dǎo)的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。
如:mr green together with his children goes to the park every sunday.
6.the+adj表示一類人,作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
如:the old are going to be looked after well.
7.and連接并列主語、謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù),但如果指同個人,同一事物或同一概
念,謂語動詞用單數(shù),這時and后面的名詞無冠詞。
如:a speaker and writer is coming tomorrow.(同一個人)
a speaker and a writer are coming tomorrow.(兩個人)
8.every a and every b/each a and each b/no a and no b作主語時,謂語動詞
用單數(shù),其中a、b代表單數(shù)名詞。
9.the number of+...,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
a number of+...,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),相當(dāng)于a lot of。
如:the number of the students in our class is 50.
a number of students are learning japanese now.
10.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致
behind the house are some trees.
11.表示數(shù)量的one and a half后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂
語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
如:one and a half bananas is left on the table.
12.幾分之幾/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主語,謂語動詞由后面的n/pron決定。而one of+n/pron作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
如:two thirds of the bread was eaten.
13.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等,作主語時,動詞一般用單數(shù)。
如:the doctor's is on the other side of the street.
14.表示“一段時間”“一段距離”“一些錢”的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞一般用