2016屆高考英語主謂一致語法復習
2) 集體名詞作主語時,謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復數形式時,意為這個集體中的各個成員,用單數時表示該個集體. his family isn't very large. 他家不是一個大家庭.
his family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者.
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情況下都用復數形式. are there any police around
3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數,有時看作復數. a number of +名詞復數+復數動詞. the number of +名詞復數+單數動詞.
a number of books have lent out. the majority of the students like english.
6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致
1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時,動詞通常與of后面的名詞,代詞保持一致. most of his money is spent on books.
most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2) 在一些短語,如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數形式.但由more than… of 作主語時,動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致.
many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書.
more than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生都來自這個城市.
主謂一致中的"表里不一"現象
和主語必須在人稱和數上保持一致,最基本的原則是:單數主語用單數動詞,復數主語用復數動詞.但在實際使用當中情況比較復雜,現在學生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下
1,"more than one +名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數.例如:
more than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個教師得到了花.
2, "many a +名詞"作主語時,從意義上看是復數,但謂語動詞常用單數.例如:
many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學生被派去植樹.
3,"half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分數或分數+of 等后接名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據of后的名詞而定.例如:
three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋.
4,all指人時,動詞用復數;all指物時,動詞用單數.例如:
"all are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到場了,一切進展順利
5,what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數名詞時,動詞用單數,相反,則用復數.例如:what they want to get is the number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書.
6,and連接的兩個單數名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,該名詞短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式.例如: no book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書包里沒有書和鋼筆.
7,當主語后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引導的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致.例如:
my father as well as his workmates has been to beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京.