2016屆高考英語主謂一致語法復(fù)習(xí)
某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱，如果是國名，如the united states，the netherlands等，因其是單一政治實(shí)體，所以謂語動詞用作單數(shù)。 例如：
the united states was hit by the great depression in 1930s'.
in early january 1996 the netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.
但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語，謂語動詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
the west indies are commonly divided into two parts.
（四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題
某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語時(shí)，如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如：
the third world economics is promising. athletics is a required course for students of all grades.
但如果這類名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義，可作復(fù)數(shù)用。 例如：
athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.
（五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題
a.以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱作主語
英語中有一些通常以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trouse等
集合名詞的主謂一致
集合名詞作主語時(shí),主謂一致關(guān)系是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的問題.對此類問題我們可以從"數(shù)"的角度分為四類.
1)單數(shù)—復(fù)數(shù)型.凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類.如:a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等.這類集合名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體性,即當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體或多個(gè)整體來看待.屬于這類集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù);復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).
【例如】a big crowd often gathers on the square every morning. the government has decided to pass the bill. there are huge crowds in the streets on sunday. there are many english-speaking peoples in the world.
但應(yīng)注意,這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為"單復(fù)同形型"中.
2)單數(shù)型.這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體,即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內(nèi),所以只有單數(shù)形式.如作主語,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).這類名詞常見的有:humanity, mankind, proletariat等.
【例如】the proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. in the fields of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress.
3)復(fù)數(shù)型.這類集合名詞在形式和內(nèi)容上是相互矛盾的,就是說它們只有單數(shù)形式,但表達(dá)的都是復(fù)數(shù)概念.它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是集體中的個(gè)體性.這類名詞有:police, cattle, faculty, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel等.它們作主語時(shí),謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù).
【例如】the police have caught the murder. our personnel are very highly trained.