高一英語重點詞語用法(三)
②before leaving, father warned me against not to help myself
to the medicine in the box on the shelf. 出門前,父親再次警告我不要拿放在架子上盒子
里的藥。
【注意】 help sb to sth表示“替別人取食物等。”如:
①may i help you to some more meat? 我?guī)湍阍倌眯┤夂脝幔?br>3.動詞時態(tài)和by引起的時間狀語
by引導的時間狀語,有“在某時前、到某時為止”、“到某時”的意思,所修飾的謂語動詞的時態(tài)既取決于by短語,指過去、將來還是現(xiàn)在,也取決于謂語動詞是動作動詞還是狀態(tài)動詞。詳述如下:
1)by引導的時間狀語表示過去某一時間
(1)如謂語動詞是動作動詞,該動作到by短語所示時間時已經(jīng)完成,則用過去完成時。如:
①by the time he was ten, he had already built a chemistry lab
for himself.
到了十歲時,他為自己建了一個化學實驗室。
(2)如謂語動詞是動作動詞,該動作到by短語所示時間時尚在進行之中,則用過去進行時。如: ①by seven
o\'clock, the wind was blowing harder than ever.
到七點時,北風比以往吹得更強勁了。
(3)如謂語動詞是狀態(tài)動詞,表示到by短語所示時間時存在的狀態(tài),則用過去時。如:
①by that time the japanese were already very near.
到那時,日本人已經(jīng)很近了。
②by then he knew what he wanted to be when he grew up.
到那時,他知道他長大后要干什么。
(4)如謂語動詞是狀態(tài)動詞,表示到by短語所示時間時該狀態(tài)已延續(xù)若干時間,則用過去完成時。這時,另有一個表示一段時間的狀語,說明該狀態(tài)延續(xù)的時間長度。如:
①by the end of last month, my brother had been on that ship
for two years.
到上月底,我兄弟在那艘輪船上已有兩年了。
2)by短語表示將來某一時間
(1)謂語動詞如果是動作動詞,則用將來完成時或一般將來時,表示到by短語所表示的時間時該動作將完成。如:
①quite often you\'ll find the unknown word comes again,
perhaps several times and by the end of the chapter you\'ll
have guessed its meaning.
你常常會發(fā)現(xiàn),那個不認識的單詞會再次出現(xiàn),也許會多次出現(xiàn)。到全章快讀完時,你就會猜出這個詞的意義了。
②we will have the work completed by noon tomorrow.
到明天中午我們將把工作做完。
在主動詞為過去式的賓語從句中則用過去將來時。如:
③mrs adams thought the movie would be finished by 10:30 p. m.
亞當斯認為電影到晚上十點半會結(jié)束。
(2)如謂語動詞是狀態(tài)動詞,則用一般將來時,表示到by短語所示時間將出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。如:
①your son will be all right by supper time.
到吃晚飯時你兒子(的病)就會好了。
②he won\'t be here by this time tomorrow.
明天這個時候他還不會到這里。
3)by短語表示現(xiàn)在
如謂語動詞是動作的動詞,則用現(xiàn)在完成時,表示到現(xiàn)在該動作已完成。如: perhaps she\'s recovered by
now. 也許現(xiàn)在她已恢復健康了。
4.be able to與can的用法區(qū)別
be able to表示能力,意思上與can沒有區(qū)別,但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could),而 be able
to則有更多的形式,體現(xiàn)在be的時態(tài)變化上。例如:
①no one is able to do it. (= no one can do it.) 沒人能做這件事。