高一英語Friendship教學案
例如:his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父親在他出生那年去世了。
he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
i don’t like the way (that/in which) he talked to his mother.
我不喜歡他同他母親說話的方式。
(3)限制性和非限制性定語從句
①定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。
例如:this is the house which we bought last month.
這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)
the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)
②當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。
例如:charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年買的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching.
這本小說很動人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。
③非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞,對其進行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
例如:he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。
liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝,這就叫做蒸發(fā)。
說明:關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
(4)介詞+關(guān)系詞
①介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。
②that前不能有介詞。
③某些在從句中充當時間,地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。
例如:this is the house in which i lived two years ago.
this is the house where i lived two years ago.
這是我兩年前住過的房子。
do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
do you remember the day when you joined our club?
你是否記得我們加入俱樂部的那一天?
(5)as引導的限定性定語從句:
①as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導限定性定語從句,并在從句中作主語、表語或狀語,構(gòu)成the same…as, such…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:i like the same book as you do. (as作賓語)
我和你一樣,喜歡同一本書。
i shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作狀語)
我會用和你同樣的方式去做的。
i want to have such a dictionary as he has. (as作賓語)
我想和他一樣有一本這樣的字典。
②as引導非限定性定語從句。as在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語,這個定語從句說明整個句子,可以放在主句之前。
例如:as we all know, he studies very hard.(as代表整個句子,作賓語)