2019年中考英語語法主要句式知識復習
主要句式 (一) 知識概要
初中所學的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種:
① 主語+不及物動詞。如:i arrived at six last night.
② 主語+及物動詞+賓語,如:i bought a good englishchinese dictionary yesterday.
③ 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,如:please tell me a story before i go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.
④ 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語,如:i found it impossible to do it. please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
⑤ 主語+系動詞+表語,如:tom is an american boy. the grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有there be…句型,表示存在某種事物,如:there is a map on the wall其be動詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動詞后,也要保持be動詞,不要換用have,如:there is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子結構中要注意主謂一致的問題,即句子的主語與謂語動詞要相呼應。
要注意的有如下幾點:
① 用and連接兩個主語時一般應視為復數,但如一人身兼兩職時則要用單數謂語動詞形式,如:a singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以 s 結尾的名詞謂語動詞要用單數,如: the news is good (news 為不可數名詞)。
③ 有量詞時應按量詞的數量計算;如: this pair of glasses is good my glasses are broken.
④有些形單卻意為復數的名詞,如: people are coming here 這樣的詞還有 police, 如果要講一個警察時,應講 a policeman。 兩個警察為 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen
⑤ 所有不定代詞 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作為單數如: someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示聯合關系的連詞有: and not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or 如: my sist er and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示轉折關系的并列連詞有: but 和 yet, 如: she is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如: i think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示選擇關系的連詞有:or, either … or,如: hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果關系的并列連詞有: for, so 如: they studied very hard, so they all passed the exam
在初中范圍復合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種,而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述,為了使同學閱讀文章方便,我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語從句。
① 在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語,如: i knew the man, 而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語,如: i knew that he was a good man 這時賓語從句的連接詞有 that, (that 只在從句中起聯接作用,不在句中充當語法成分,既不是主語也不是賓語,所以在口語中常常被省略。如: i am sure (that) she has passed the exam