2019年中考英語語法主要句式知識復(fù)習(xí)
②if, whether 它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用,不起語法作用,當作是否講。從句中有 or not 結(jié)構(gòu)時,要用 whether, 如: i ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch i asks him whether he has had his lunch or not
③ what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外,還要作主語或賓語成份,如: i don't understand what you said (what 作 said 的賓語)。又如: i asked him what made him sick (what 在賓語從句中作主語)。
④ who,它也和what一樣,在句中除作連接詞外,可以充當句中的成份,如:i know who she is looking for?
⑤ whose 如: i want to know whose book this is?
⑥ which 如: do you know which book is mine?
在連接詞中還有4個常用的連接副詞,
① how 它的應(yīng)用最廣,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how ol d …。如: how much does it cost?
② when 它只是連接時間狀語,如: please tell me when the meeting will begin?
③ where 它連接地點狀語,如: where are you from?
④ why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句,如: the teacher asked why tom didn't come to school.
在考試中常見到的考點是:賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題。
① 主句謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時態(tài), 如: i know he didn't come. 我知道他沒來。 i know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來。i know he has gone to london 我知道他已去倫敦了!
② 主句中的謂語動詞若是過去時,賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)中的某一種。比如: 一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時。除了在表達宇宙中的客觀真理時,不能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如: i wanted to know when he would come the teacher told me the earth moves around the sun狀語從句主要有時間狀語從句,其連接詞有:after, before, when, as, as soon as, until (till), while, since, by
其中較難掌握的有以下幾點:
① until (till) 直到,在用 until 表達時間狀語的句子中,主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞,它要用肯定句,如: i studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞,則要用否定句,如: he didn't go to bed until his mother came back
② 由since, for, by, before 來引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語是動作的開始時間,如: i have studied english since 1990 而由 by 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語通常是動作的結(jié)束時間,如: i had learned 25 english songs by the end of last term 而before 則多用于完成時, ago 則多用于一般過去時,如: he had finished his work before twelve yesterday i left my hometown two years ago
③ 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,如: if it rains, they won't go to the park on sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時,從句用一般過去進行時,如: he said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考試中常見的考點有:要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句,因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài),如: i want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關(guān)系,如: i want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow