高二英語Living with technology教案
1. 一般式(主動、被動) 分詞的一般式的主動式所表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生,或在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生。其被動式表示這個動作正在發(fā)生或與謂語動作同時發(fā)生,主要作定語、狀語或賓補。 when i entered the room, i found him reading. 當我進入房間時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在讀書。i found the flowers watered. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)花已澆過了。the building being repaired is a hospital. 正在修建的建筑物是一家醫(yī)院。he found the matter being talked everywhere. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在談論這件事。being surrounded, the enemy were forced to put down their guns. 敵人被包圍,不得不繳械投降。2. 完成式(主動、被動) 分詞的完成式表示分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。完成時態(tài)的分詞在句中常作狀語,一般不作定語。 not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet.由于沒做好充分的準備,我們推遲了運動會。having been given such a good chance, how could he give it up? 給了這樣好的機會,他怎能放棄呢?3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式與過去分詞的區(qū)別 過去分詞表示動作已完成,不強調(diào)時間概念,而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式強調(diào)某一動作正在進行中。 the building repaired is library. 修建過的那個建筑物是我們的圖書館。the building being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那個建筑物是我們的圖書館。4. 延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在時間含義上的區(qū)別 延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當于一個過去進行時時態(tài)的句子,而終止性動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當于一個一般過去時的從句。 walking in the street the other day (=while i was walking in the street the other day), i came across an old friend of mine. 那天我在馬路上走時,突然碰到了我的一個老朋友。arriving at the airport (=when i arrived at the airport), i found my light had taken off.到達機場時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的班機已經(jīng)起飛了。iv. 分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)分詞(短語)作狀語時,盡管在形式上它沒有主語,但其邏輯上的主語必須和謂語動詞的主語保持一致。 studying in the college (=when i studied in the college), i learned a lot from my teachers.在大學學習時,我從老師那里學到了很多東西。 但是,分詞有時也有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。它可以表示時間,原因,條件,伴隨的動作,有時還可用介詞with, without 來引導。 his mother being ill, he is absent today. 他的母親病了,他今天沒來。(原因)time permitting, they will start to do a new job. 如果時間允許,他們會開始做一項新工作。(條件)he rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他滿臉是汗地沖進了房間。(伴隨)they traveled a whole day, without any food eaten. 他們餓著肚子旅行了一整天。(伴隨)注意:分詞用于獨立結(jié)構(gòu)時,如果分詞是being, having been done形式時,沒有實際意義的being或having been可以省略。 the old man was in a bad condition, his temperature (being) over 40℃ and his pulse (being) weak and rapid. 那位老人處于不好的狀況,他的體溫超過40℃,脈搏既弱又快。