Unit 1 Great Scientists教學(xué)設(shè)計1

“give me a place to stand on, and i can move the earth.”  ----archimedes
     2) charlie darwin(1808-1882) british naturalist. the origin of species was published in 1859. it explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. his book showed that people had developed from apes.
     3) gregor mendel(1822—1884) czech. the father of genetic. he grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity (遺傳) and inherited characteristics. between 1856—1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. he examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance.
     4) marie curie ( polish ) (1867-1934) was born in poland, moved to paris and studied chemistry and physics there. she married pierre curie and together they studied radioactive materials and discovered radium. in 1911 she received the nobel prize in chemistry. her death in 1934 was almost certainly due to radiation in her work.
     5) thomas edison(1847----1931)  he was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing new york with electricity from a central power station. this was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.
     6) leonardo da vinci (italian) (1452-1519)he was a famous italian artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. he used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible. some of his famous paintings include “the adoration of the magi” and the “the last supper”. later in his life he lived in france where he designed a submarine (潛水艇) and a flying machine.
     7) british. he did research into different gases and discovered the medical value of nitrous oxide (laughing gas) as an anaesthetic.(麻醉藥) in 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.
     8) zhang heng ,chinese( 78-----139) he invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. it was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon’s head. when an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth, making a noise.
      9) stephen hawking,british(1942---  ) he has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. he has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. this may mark the beginning of new galaxies. this is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across.