2018高考英語備考 主謂一致和倒裝

（4）分數、量詞作主語。
①“分數或百分數 +　名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。如：
lots of damage was caused by flood.
a number of students have gone to the countryside.
a large quantity of people is needed here.
quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table.
②a great deal of、a large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數；large amounts of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數。
③表示數量的one and a half后，名詞要用復數形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
one and a half apples is left on the table.
④half of、(a)part of修飾可數名詞單數及不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數，修飾可數名詞復數時，謂語動詞用復數。
(5)名詞化的形容詞作主語。
如果主語由“the + 形容詞（或分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用復數。這類詞有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用單數，如the unknown、the beautiful等。
（6）從句作主語。
①由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數，但所指的具體內容是復數意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數形式。
what we  need is more money.
what we need are more people/teachers.
②在“one of + 復數名詞 + who/that/which”引導的從句結構中，關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不 是one，因此從句中的謂語動詞也應該是復數形式。如one前有the only則用單數形式。
this is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.
she was t he only one of the girls who was late for class today.
（7）不定式、名動詞（短語）作主語用單數形式；there be句型中be的單復數取決于be后的第一個詞的數。
there is a book, two pens on the desk.
there are two pens, a book on the desk.
5、倒裝句的要點復習
（1）在以there、here、now、then、such引導的，引起人們注意的招呼句要倒裝。
there goes the bell. here comes the bus.
（2）表示動態的狀語，置于句首時，句子要倒裝。
off went the horse. in came the boss.
from the speaker comes the doctor’s v oice.
（3）表示地點的詞語置于句首或強調地點概念時。
south of the town lie two steel factories.
between the two buildings stands a tall tree.
注意：句子的主語為人稱代詞時，句子不倒裝。
here it is. away they went.
（4）否定詞never、seldom、hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、little、not、nowhere、by no means、at no time、neither、nor等放在句首時，句子常倒裝。如：
by no means shall we give up.
never have i been to the usa.
seldom does she get up late in the morning.
（5）在not only … but also … no sooner … than …、hardly … when …、scarcely … when …、not until …、so … that …、such … that …句型中，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝，但要注意：neither … nor … 連接的句子前后兩個分句都要倒裝。