2019屆高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
▲情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear
▲心態(tài)類：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt
▲所有類：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
①表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作;
i have finished the report./ she has cleaned the room.
②表示從過(guò)去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;
he has learned english for six years./ they have worked here since they left college.
③表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地(人已回來(lái))”用“have/has been to”;
表示“到某地去了(還未回來(lái))”用“have/has gone to”。
—where is li hua? -he has gone to the reading-room.
—she knows a lot about shanghai. -she has been there.
④在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)將來(lái)某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
when you have learned english, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
we’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.
注意：這里的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前完成, 如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生, 則不必用完成時(shí);試比較：
i’ll let you know as soon as i hear from her.
she will call you when she gets home.
⑤短暫動(dòng)詞(即瞬間動(dòng)詞)，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
要譯“他參軍已經(jīng)三年了”不能說(shuō)：he has joined the army three years.可采用：
▲“ago法”：he joined the army three years ago.
▲“延續(xù)法”：he has been in the army for three years.
▲“since法”：it is/has been three years since he joined the army.
注意：沒(méi)有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截至“現(xiàn)在”為止的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用, 但“in(over) the past/last+時(shí)間段”要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
①用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(或今后還要繼續(xù)一去)的動(dòng)作;
he has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.
②凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
5.一般過(guò)去時(shí)
①表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?yàn)? he often sang when he was a boy.
he went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.
②用于i didn’t know…或i forgot…，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。
用于i didn’t know…或i forgot…，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。
i didn’t know you were here.(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道)
sorry, i forgot to bring my book.(“忘記帶書”已成為過(guò)去的事了)
這一用法考生要特別注意。注意：參看過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法②。