2019屆高考英語動詞的時態和語態
▲get+及物動詞的過去分詞
get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等動詞的-ed形
式連用，構成被動語態。這種結構一般指動作的結果而非動作本身，常指"最后終于，突然發生"等意義。
he got wounded in the battle. 他在戰斗中受傷了。
the boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受傷了。
▲get-型被動語態一般不宜用在含有雙賓語的結構中，也不宜與see, hear, watch, listen to等感官動詞構成被動語態。
the old man was offered a large sum of money. (正)有人給了這位老人一大筆錢。
the old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 誤)
▲get-型被動語態有時有言外之意或具有感情色彩
he got taught a lesson. 他被教訓了一頓。(有“活該”之意)
how did the window get closed. 窗戶怎么關上了?(有“不該關上’之意)
▲get-型被動語態有時表示開始進入某種狀態，而be+動詞的-ed形式只表示存在的狀態。
she got tired. 她感到累了。(有開始感到疲勞的含義)
she was tired. (只表示”她累了”)
③帶有雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的主動句變為動句，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。
she lent me a bike.®被動：▲i was lent a bike(by her).
▲a bike was lent to me(by her).
④情態動詞+be+過去分詞
this problem must be worked out in half an hour.
⑤雙重被動式：主語+被動式謂語+不定式的被動式+其它成分
these magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.
the murderer was ordered to be shot.
3.主動表示被動的幾種情況
①不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質和狀態
常見動詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等
this knife cuts well.這把刀好切。
these books sell well.這些書好賣。
the pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。
meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。
the cloth washes well.這種布好洗。
②一些連系動詞的主動式+形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等
the apples taste good.
the flower smells wonderful.
the news proved/turned out true
cotton feels soft.
4.不可變為被動語態的幾種情況
①當句子的賓語是反身代詞時(因為反身代詞不可作主語)
he can dress himself. 他能自己穿衣服。不可變為himself can be dressed by him.
②當句子的賓語是相互代詞時(因為相互代詞不可作主語)
we help each other/one another.不可變為each other/one another is helped by us.
③動賓結構的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式
he lost heart.不可變為heart was lost by him.
類似lose heart詞組的還有make a face,keep silence,keep words,lose in thought等等
④take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態動詞沒有被動語態