2019高考二輪復習英語教案: 情態動詞和虛擬語氣
1、can和could (could為can的過去式) 的基本用法
(1)表示能力,如:he can speak english better than you.
(2)在疑問句和否定句中表示“懷疑”、“猜測”或“可能性”,如:can this green bike be liu dong's?
(3)表示“許可”時can可以和may換用,如:you can (may) go home now.
(4)如果要表示語氣婉轉,可用could代替can,這時could不再是can的過去式,如:could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力,兩者在意思上沒有什么區別。但是can只能有現在式和過去式,而be able to則有更多的形式,如:he will be able to do the work better.
2、may和might (might為may的過去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允許或征詢對方許可,有“可以”之意,如:you may use my dictionary. 在回答對方說“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”時,一般多不用may或 may not,以避免語氣生硬或不容氣。而用比較婉轉的說法進行回答。如:---- may i use this dictionary? ---- yes, please. 或 ---- certainly. 在請求對方許可時,如果might i…? 就比用may i…? 語氣更婉轉些,如:may i have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”對方做某事時,要用must not代替may not,如:---- may we swim in this lake? ---- no, you mustn’t. it’s too dangerous.
(2)may或 might都可以表示可能性,表示“或許”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,則語氣更加不肯定,如:they may (might) be in the library now .
3、must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必須”、“應該”之意,其否定式 must not,縮寫形式為 mustn't,表示“不應該”,“不準”、“不許可”或“禁止”之意,如:we must study hard and make progress every day. you mustn't touch the fire.
(2)對以must提出的疑問句,如作否定回答時,要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不 必)來回答,而不用mustn't,因為mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不許可”之意,如:---- must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- no, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days.
(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推測,表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:---- whose new bike can it be? ---- it must be liu dong's. i know his father has just bought him a new one.
4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法
(1)can, could后接完成式的用法:①在否定句或疑問句中表示對過去發生過的事情的“懷疑”或“不肯定”的態度,could he have said so? ②在肯定句中,可以表示過去可能做到而實際并沒做到的事情,有“勸告”或“責備”的語氣。如:---- when did you answer her letter? ---- only yesterday. ---- it's too late. you could have answered it earlier, i am sure.
(2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示對過去某事的推測,認為某一件事情在過去可能發生了。如果使用might,語氣就比較婉轉或更加不肯定,如:mary might have learned some chinese before. ②可以表示過去本來可以做到而實 際沒有做到的事情,有“勸告”或“責備”的語氣,如:you didn't do the work well that day. you might have done it better.