2019高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣
he has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已發(fā)表了好幾篇論文。
2. 祈使語氣（the imperative mood）祈使語氣用于提出請(qǐng)求、命令、建議或是勸告等：
wait outside until you are asked . 請(qǐng)?jiān)谕饷娴群颍?qǐng)你進(jìn)再進(jìn)去。
let's just take a break, shall we ? 我們休息一會(huì)兒，好嗎？
3. 疑問語氣( the interrogative mood ) ：用來提出問題
where are from ?
4. 虛擬語氣（the subjunctive mood）虛擬語氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。虛擬語氣不太顧及事實(shí)的存在，它表現(xiàn)出說話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說話人所講的內(nèi)容往往是與事實(shí)相反的；或是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微，甚至于沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)為了使說話的語氣客氣、緩和、委婉，也使用虛擬語氣。
i wish you were more careful .但愿你更細(xì)心一些。
if i had more money, i would buy a bigger apartment.
我要是有再多一點(diǎn)錢，我就買一套更大一些房子。
would you mind shutting the door ? 勞駕您把門關(guān)上。
二、虛擬語氣的種類：虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語氣在條件句中應(yīng)用比較多；條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。
三、真實(shí)性條件句
1.真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生,各種結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
條件從句 主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形
祈使句 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
if he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他來，會(huì)帶小提琴來的。
【典型例題】the volleyball match will be put off if it___.
a. will rain b. rains c. rained d. is rained
【解析】b 真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【點(diǎn)撥】1. 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來，該用shall, will.
（錯(cuò)） if you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
（對(duì)） if you leave now, you will never regret it.
2. 表示真理時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞不用shall （will） +動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式
四、非真實(shí)條件句
1. 虛擬語氣可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況，時(shí)態(tài)的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)往后推移
2. 虛擬語氣表
時(shí)間 從句 主句 例句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 一般過去時(shí)（ be 用were） would / should / could / might / ought to + 動(dòng)詞原形 1. if they were here, they would help you.
2. if we had enough money , we would buy a computer .
3. if i were you , i wouldn’t do it .
4. if it rained tomorrow , we’d stay at home .
5. it would be odd if she were awarded the first prize .
與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 過去完成時(shí) should / would / could / might + have+ 過去分詞 1. if he had come yesterday, i should have told him about it.