高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教案名詞
說(shuō)明： 1）詞尾-ed在清輔音后讀[t]；在濁輔音和元音后讀[d]；在[t]和[d]后讀[id]。 2）詞尾-es或-s在[s ]、[z]、[t ]、[d ]后面讀[iz]；在清輔音后讀[s]；在濁輔音及元音后讀[z]；在[t]，[d]后讀[ts]、[dz]。 3）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞則要根據(jù)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表逐漸記住。 二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 在英語(yǔ)中，由于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，或表達(dá)不同時(shí)間存在的狀態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。這些動(dòng)詞的變化形式就叫做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。 初中階段主要學(xué)習(xí)，掌握以下八種時(shí)態(tài)。 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1）構(gòu)成 動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，除主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)第三人稱以外，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原形，若主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的詞尾應(yīng)發(fā)生變化（加-s或-es）。另外be和have有特殊的人稱變化形式。 詳見(jiàn)下表： 動(dòng)詞to be 動(dòng)詞to have i am a student you are a student he (she) is a student. we (you, they) are students i have a pen. you have a pen. he (she) has a pen. we (you, they) have pens. 2）用法 a.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、行為或存在的狀態(tài)。 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：often, usually, always, every day等。 i go to school every day except sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上學(xué)。 there are fifty students in our class. 我們班上有五十個(gè)學(xué)生。 b.表示主語(yǔ)的身份或特征。 his father is a doctor. 他的父親是醫(yī)生。 tom is tall. 湯姆個(gè)子高。 c.表示一種客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理 the earth is round. 地球是圓的. the sun is bigger than the moon. 太陽(yáng)比月亮大。 d.在條件狀態(tài)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 if you don't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的話，你就要遲到了。 i will wait for you until you come back. 我將一直等到你回來(lái)。 2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）構(gòu)成 一般過(guò)去時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式形式。 肯定式 否定式 疑問(wèn)式 一般動(dòng)詞 i (you, he, she, we, they) worked there. i (you, he, she, we, they) did not work there. did you (i, he, she, we, they) work there? be動(dòng)詞 i (he, she, it) was there. we ( you, they) were there i (he, she, it) was not there. we (you, they) were not there. was i (he, she, it) there? were you (we, they) there? have動(dòng)詞 i (you, he, she, we, they) had books. i (you, he, she, we, they) had not/ didn't have any books had i (you, he, she, we, they) any books?或did i (you, he ⋯)have any books? 2）用法 a.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when i was at middle school等。 he left for beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 she wasn't at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。 did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四點(diǎn)完成工作了嗎？ b.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)�；蚍磸�(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 i got up very early at that time.