高中英語語法教案名詞
注意: 被動語態沒有完成進行時態和將來進行時態。 初中階段主要應掌握的被動語態的時態有:一般現在時,一般過去時,現在進行時,過去進行時和現在完成時。 3.什么時候使用被動語態 1)在沒有指明動作的執行者的情況下。 例如: the meeting was held last week. 會議上周召開了。 english is taught in all middle schools. 所有中學都開設英語課。 2)要強調動作的承受者而不是執行者時。 例如: teapots are used for drinking. 茶壺是飲水用的。 where's cotton produced? 棉花產于何地? the bike was stolen yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午自行車被偷了。 4.主動語態變為被動語態的方法 1)將主動句里的賓語成分變為被動句里的主語成分。把主動句里的賓格人稱代詞改為主格形式。 2)把主動結構的謂語動詞改為be+過去分詞形式。 3)將主動句的主語變為介詞by的賓語。 例如: people use radios for listening to the news.(主動) →radios are use for listening to the news by people.(被動) i posted a letter last week.(主動) →a letter was posted by me last week.(被動) 注意: 在make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, feel等動詞后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to,但這種句子如果變為被動語態時,則應加上to。 例如:we heard her sing an english song.(主動) →she was heard to sing an english song by us.(被動) 5.主動語態變為被動語態的主要類型 1)謂語動詞只有一個賓語的。 例如:the workers are building a ship.(主動語態) →the ship is being built by the workers.(被動語態) i have finished the exercises.(主動語態) →the exercises have been finished by me.(被動語態) 2)謂語動詞有兩個賓語的,其中一個變為被動句的主語,另一個仍作為賓語,稱為保留賓語。 例如: i sent him a present. (主動語態) →he was sent a present by me.(被動語態) a present was sent to him by me.(被動語態) 注意: a)在主動句中有些動詞,如ask, answer, teach等變成被動句時,一般將間接賓語(指人的)改成被動句的主語。 例如: he asked us a lot of questions.(主動語態) →we were asked a lot of questions by him. b)在主動句中有些動詞,如build, buy, choose等變成被動句時,將直接賓語(指物的)改成被動句的主語。 例如: my father bought me a new bike.(主動語態) →the new bike was bought for me by my father.(被動語態) 3)謂語動詞后跟復合賓語,只把賓語改為被動句的主語,賓語補足語不變。例如: 賓語 賓補 he left the door open.(主動語態) 他讓門開著。 →the door was left open by him.(被動語態) 門由他打開著。 4)許多由不及物動詞加介詞構成的短語動詞,相當于一個及物動詞,可以有賓語,因而也可以有被動語態。但應注意:短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體,在變為被動語態時,不可丟掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。 例如: we must take good care of our books.(主動語態)