2020屆高考英語名詞性從句語法復習
3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1) if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。
(2) it is said , (reported) …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
it is said that president jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) it happens…, it occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
it occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) it doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
it doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如:
is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4. what 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別
what 引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而that 則不然。例如: what you said yesterday is right.
三、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:
he has told me that he will go to shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
we must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,賓語從句常用“(should)+ 動詞原形”。例如:
i insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。
the commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:i want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。
she always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
she will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引導主語從句并在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時;c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句后有“or not”時;e. 后接動詞不定式時。例如:
whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。 the question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?現在的問題是她是否應該有一個低意見的測試? everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。 i wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。 can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?