2020屆高考英語名詞性從句語法復習
i have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。
the thought came to him that mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語從句和定語從句的區別:
that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個例句:
i had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略)
have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient greece?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
2、簡介
同位語部分是個句子,就是同位語從句,這種用法比較"固定",把關鍵的幾個詞背下來.
一、在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內容。如:
i heard the news that our team had won.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。
i had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在這里。
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
i’ve come from mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。
三、英語中引導同位語從句的詞通有連詞 that,whether,連接副詞 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引導同位語從句。)如:
l have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么時候回來。
he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。
四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。 如:
several years later,word came that napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
幾年以后,有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視 察他們。
the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起可能敵人已經逃出城了。
六、名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 that只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:
主語:that she is still alive is her luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語:john said that he was leaving for london on wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語:the fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語:the fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語:i am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)that-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末,例如:
it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個計劃注定要失敗。