Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars導學案
【解釋】都可引導原因狀語從句，語氣最強的是because，引導直接而明確的原因，也用來回答why的問句或用于強調句型；其次是since/now that，表示已知或明顯的原因，再次是as，引導的原因是不言而喻、顯而易見的；for引導的是并列分句，表推測或判斷的原因，前面有逗號隔開。【練習】根據句子的意思在括號里填入適當的詞。1). _______ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 2) it was _______ he was ill that he didn’ t go to school. 3). it must have rained last night, _______ the ground is all wet. 4). _______ we are alone, we can speak freely. keys: 1). since/now that 2). because 3). for 4). now (that)ⅱ.詞性變化（旨在提供語法填空所需材料）1. violent adj.強暴的，猛烈的violence n.暴力，強暴；猛烈violently adv. 強暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental adj.基本(礎)的n.[pl.]基本原則(法則) fundamentally adv. 基本地；根本地 fundament n. 基礎；根本3. development n.生長，發
展；新情況
develop vt.發展；產生
vi.生長；發展
developed adj. 發達的developing adj. 發展的
4. lay vt.放下；擺設；產(蛋) lay---laid---laid---laying
lie vi. 躺，平放；位于lie---lay---lain---lying
lie n.&vi. 謊話；說謊lie---lied---lied---lying
5. prevent vt. 預防，防止
prevention n.預防；阻止；妨礙
preventable adj.可防止的，可預防的
6. gentle adj.和藹的；輕柔的
gently adv.溫和地；靜靜地
7. physics n.物理，物理學
physicist n.物理學家
physical adj.身體的；物理(學)的；物質的
【練習】用括號內所提供詞的適當形式填空。1). the naughty boy _______ (lie) to me that the hen that _______ (lie) there just now had ______ (lay) two eggs the day before. 2). in my opinion, ________ (prevent) is more important than treatment. 3). some programs on the internet are full of ________ (violent) and sex. 4). with the ________ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is caused. 5). china is a ________ (develop) country belong to the third world. 6). there are ________ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and mine. 7). his ambition is to become a great ________ (physics). keys: 1). lied; lay; laid 2). prevention 3). violence 4). development5). developing 6). fundamental 7). physicist
ⅲ.重點詞匯（旨在提供詞匯綜合運用材料）1. system n.[c] 系統；體系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系統的; 有條理的 [典例] 1). the solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太陽系包括太陽和它的八顆行星。 2). alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒對身體有害。 [練習] 根據句子的意思完成句子。 1). the ______ ______ (教育系統) operates very differently in the us and china. 2). he introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (鐵路系統). keys: 1). educational system 2). railway system 2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；擺設；鋪(地毯) ；產(蛋) [典例] 1). he laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。 2). who should we lay the blame on? 我們該責備誰? [重點用法] lay短語： lay eggs 下蛋 lay sth. aside 把某物放在一邊；積蓄（錢） lay sth. down 把某物放下 lay the blame on sb.責備某人 lay the table 擺桌子 lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重點放在某事上 [練習] 根據句子的意思在括號里填入適當的詞或翻譯。 1). the bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests. 2). he is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常強調) individual responsibility. 3). he ______ some money ______ for rainy days. keys: 1). lays 2). lays great stress on 3). lays/puts; aside 3. harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的 harm n.&vt. 傷害（某人） [典例] many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking. 很多人都意識到吸煙的危害。 [重點用法] be harmful to sb./sth. 對……有害 do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 對……有害；傷害…… [練習] 根據句子的意思在括號里填入適當的詞或翻譯。 1). everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health. 2). in many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to their growth. 3). 在陽光下看書對你的眼睛傷害很大。 _______________________________________________________________________________