Unit 4  Astronomy: the science of the stars導學案

1. it exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’ s atmosphere. 它(地球)巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石。最終產生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。 [解釋]“be + 不定式”結構通常用來表示“按計劃或安排將要做的事情”，或表示上級對下級、父母對子女下命令，“應該做某事”或表示某事“將必然發生”。例如： 1). here is a message for you from your head teacher: you are to go to her office after class. 你的班主任給你一個口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。 2). the worst is still to come. 更糟糕的事情還會發生。 3). we’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = we are to hold a meeting tomorrow. = a meeting is to be held tomorrow. 我們明天將開會。 4). the train is to arrive in beijing at 10: 25 am. 這趟火車將于上午10: 25到達北京。 [練習] 完成句子或翻譯。 1). here is a message for you from your head teacher: you ______ ______ ______ to her office after class. (你的班主任給你一個口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。) 2). the worst is still ______ ______ (come). 3). we’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow.  = we ______ ______ ______ a meeting tomorrow. = a meeting is ______ ______ ______ tomorrow. 4). 這趟火車將于上午10：25到達北京。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ keys: 1). are to go   2). to come   3). are to hold; to be held    4). the train is to arrive in beijing at 10: 25 am. 2. that made it possible for life to begin to develop. 那使生命的生長發育成為一種可能。 [解釋] 此句中的made后跟帶形式賓語it的復合結構，其中it是形式賓語，真正賓語是不定式復合結構，“for live to begin to develop”，賓語補足語是possible。再如：she made it her business to find out who was responsible. 她非要弄清楚是誰的責任不可。提示：常用于此結構的動詞還有think，feel，find，consider等。例如： 1). we make it a rule to get up at 6 o’ clock every morning. 2). i find it hard to get along with him. 3). he found it impossible to leave germany for the usa. 他發現不可能離開德國去美國了。 4). i think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you.我覺得我有責任幫助你。 [練習] 完成句子或翻譯。 1). we ______ ______ ______ ______ (規定) to get up at 6 o’ clock every morning. 2). i ______ ______ ______ (發現很難) to get along with him. 3). 他發現不可能離開德國去美國了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4). 我覺得我有責任幫助你。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ keys: 1). make it a rule   2). find it hard   3). he found it impossible to leave germany for the usa.    4). i think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you. 3. but when i tried to step forward i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。 [解釋] twice as...as... “是……的兩倍”，英語常見倍數的表示句型： 1). 倍數+ as + adj./adv. + as “是……的幾倍” my room is twice as large as his. 2). 倍數+ adj./adv.比較級+ than “比……(多/大)幾倍”my room is twice larger than his. 3). 倍數+ the +表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞+ of “是……的長度/高度/寬度幾倍” my room is twice the size of his. 注意：此結構中常用的名詞有：size, height, weight, length, width depth等。例如： 1). this ruler is three times as long as that one. = this ruler is three times longer than that one. = this ruler is three times the length of that one. 這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長。 2). there are four times as many students as we expected. 到的學生是我們預計的五倍。 [解釋] twice as ... as... 是的兩倍，英語常見倍數的表示句型： 1). 倍數 + as + adj./adv. + as “是……的幾倍” my room is twice as large as his. 2). 倍數 + adj./adv.比較級 + than “比……(多/大)幾倍”my room is twice larger than his. 3). 倍數+ the +表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞+ of “是……的長度/高度/寬度幾倍” my room is twice the size of his. 注意：此結構中常用的名詞有：size, height, weight, length, width depth 等。 [練習] 完成句子或翻譯。 1). 這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 到的學生是我們預計的五倍。there are ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ we expected. keys: 1). this ruler is three times as long as that one. = this ruler is three times longer than that one.  = this ruler is three times the length of that one.       2). four times as many students as 課文要點（模塊）