初一至初三全程英語知識點總結(jié)及練習3
§136 cost/ spend/ pay/ take
ⅰ.cost 指某東西“值……錢”; “需要花費……錢/ 精力”等,它的主語一般為表示東西的名詞,不能為表示人的名詞,作及物動詞和名詞。可接雙賓語,無被動語態(tài)。如:
① i’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢說那件衣服得花1000美元。
② the chair cost me thirty yuan.這把椅子花了我30元。
③ the building of the dam cost many lives. 修建這個水壩使許多人喪生。(使花(某種代價);使損失)
④ bad driving may cost you your life.開車技術(shù)不行可能使你丟掉性命。
⑤ 作名詞時意為“花費;成本”→the cost of the house was too high for me.這房子的價錢太高,我買不起。
[常用搭配]:
① at all costs 不惜一切代價,¬¬¬¬¬—→the officer told the soldiers that they must defend the town at all costs. 軍官對士兵們說要不惜一切代價保衛(wèi)這座城市。
② at the cost of 以……為代價。
→1). he finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了這項工作,但失去了健康。
→2). she saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她從火中把他救出,但她自己卻犧牲了。
③ cost of living 生活費用。
—→as the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. 生活費用越上漲,我的生活水準越降低。
ⅱ.spend 的主語經(jīng)常是人 , 用來表示人花錢買東西或花時間做某事,
常用的句型有: 如:
① i spend 5 yuan on the book.我買這書花五元錢。
② the boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog.那個男孩花了10分鐘畫一只狗。
ⅲ.pay “支付,花費”,主語只能是人 且只用于花費金錢,其結(jié)構(gòu)是: pay + sb + some money + for sth. “為……付給某人多少錢” 其中的人、錢、事,可以根據(jù)具體情況取舍。如:
① i paid (him)5 yuan. 我付(給他)5元錢。
② i paid him 5 yuan for the book. 我買那本書付給了他五元錢。
③ i paid him for the book. 我買那本書付給了他錢。
④ i paid for the book. 我付了那本書的錢。
ⅳ.take 也可表“花費時間和金錢”,(一般只指花費時間)
其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:it +take(各種時態(tài))+time/money+to do sth. 如
it took me three hours to finish the work.
§137 country/ state/ nation
ⅰ. country “國家”著重指疆土而言。“鄉(xiāng)下、農(nóng)村”相當于countryside, 但它指風景而言。如:
① this country is in the south of europe. 這個國家在歐洲南部。
② germany and france are european countries. 德國和法國是歐洲國家。
③ the countryside around nanjing is beautiful at this time of the year.
ⅱ. state “國家”著重指政權(quán)而言。如:
① i’d like to borrow a copy of “the state and revolution”.我想借一本《國家與革命》。