2019五年級英語上冊5A 1-4單元語法知識點歸納卷(新版牛津譯林版)
unit1
1.there be句型表示“某處有某物”,be動詞用is還是用are遵循下面的原則:
①be動詞后面 如果跟的是單數名詞或不可數名詞,就用is;
there is a pencil case in the school bag.
there is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate.
② be動詞后面如果跟的是可數名詞的復數,就用are.
there are some desks in the classroom.
③be動詞后面如果跟的是不止一種物品,就根據離它最近的物品選用is或are.(就近原則)
there are some pictures and a telephone.
there is a telephone and some pictures.
2.there be 句型的否定形式:在be動詞的后面加not(is not可以縮寫為isn't,are not可以縮寫為 aren't)把some 改成any。
例:there is a pencil in the pencil-box.(改為否定句)
there isn't a pencil in the pencil-box.
there are some crayons on the desk.(改為否定句)
there aren't any crayons on the desk.
3.“some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句,“any”用于否定句和一般疑問句。但在一些表示委婉請求,想得到對方肯定回答的疑問句中,也用“some”.
例:1.there are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句)
2.there aren't any birds in the tree.(否定句)
3.are there any toy trains on the table?(疑問句)
4.would you like some tea?(表委婉請求)
4.can在否定句中的用法:表示某人不能做某事時,通常在can后面加否定詞not,注意not一般與can連寫,也可縮寫成can’t.后面加動詞原形。
bobby cannot(can’t) see any cakes in the fridge.
unit2
1. there be句型的一般疑問句:
將be動詞提前到there 之前,首字母大寫,句末用問號即可。其肯定答語為“yes,there is/are.”;否定答語為“no,there isn’t/aren’t.”。在疑問句中,要將some改為any。
1)there is a house near the park. (改為一般疑問句,并肯定回答)
is there a house near the park? yes , there is.
2)there are some desks and chairs in the classroom.
(改為一般疑問句,并否定回答)
are there any desks and chairs in the classroom?no , there aren't.
2.特殊疑問句及答語
(1)提問主語為可數名詞的數量時,用“how many”,句型結構為:
‘how many +復數名詞+are there+其他?’(無論主語是單數還是復數)
there is a football under the desk.(對劃線部分提問)
how many footballs are there under the desk?
“how many+可數名詞復數+are there?”本句型為there be句型的特殊疑問 句形式,表示“在某處某物的數量有多少?”。回答時不用yes/no,要給出具體的回答。how many days are there in a month? there are thirty.
(2)提問句子的主語(包括主語前的修飾語)時,句型一律用
“what is+地點介詞短語?”(無論主語是單數還是復數都用is)
例:there are some bananas on the tree.
what’s on the tree?
3.序數詞:表示先后順序或等級的詞。first(第一),second(第二),third(第三),序數詞用在句中時,要在其前面加上定冠詞the.