Fine Arts單元學案

(2). 表示具體的，特定情況下的或有待于完成的動作時，通常用動詞不定式。
   e.g.
   to finish reading such a long novel will take me several days.
   讀完這么長的小說要花去我好幾天時間。
(3) 當it 作形式主語，動詞不定式和動名詞通常可以互換。但當表語是necessary, important等形容詞時，后面只接不定式，而當表語是no use, no good, a waste of time等詞時，則用動詞的-ing形式。
   e.g.
   it's bad manners to spit in public. = it’s bad manners spitting in public.
在公共場合吐痰是不禮貌的。
it’s quite impossible for us to finish the work in time with so little money.
我們用這么少的錢及時完成工作是不可能的。
it’s no use asking him for help. 向他尋求幫助是沒有用的。
(4) there is no 結構后只接動詞的-ing形式。
   e.g.
   there is no knowing whether he is alive or dead.
   不知他是死是活。
2. 作表語時
(1) 表示一般情況時，兩者可以通用。
    e.g.
his work is to paint houses. = his work is painting houses.
他的工作是粉刷房子。
(2). 表示具體的，特定情況下的或是未來的動作，通常用動詞不定式。
e.g.
our homework today is to finish the exercises 1 and 2 on page 25.
我們今天的家庭作業就是完成25而的練習1和2。
(3) 主語與表語形式通常保持一致。
    e.g.
to do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
doing this is cutting the foot to fit the shoe.
這樣做無異于削足適履。
3. 作賓語時
(1) 有些動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的此類動詞(短語)有：
 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish, expect, demand
    e.g.
    i want to ask him a question. 我想問他一個問題。
    she decided to help her sister.
    她決定幫她的妹妹。
    as a student, he can’t afford to buy a car now.
    作為一個學生，他現在買不起轎車。
(2) 有些動詞后只能用動名詞作賓語，常見的此類動詞（短語）有：
    admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive, give up，imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practice, put off, risk, resist, suggest, understand等。
    e.g.
    the doctor advised taking more exercise.
醫生建議多鍛煉。
i suggest doing it in a different way.
我建議用不同的方法做。
    尤其要注意一些含有介詞to的動詞短語，不要和不定式中的to混淆。此類短語主要有：
    be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, refer to, stick to等。