高中三年級英語學案Units 3-4 (B3)
(8)介詞短語
the machine must be out of order.機器一定出毛病了。
he is against our plan.他反對我們的計劃。
(9)副詞
time is up. the class is over.時間到了,下課。
my father isn’t in. he is out.我父親不在家,他出去了。
(10)表語從句
the truth is that he has never been abroad.
實際情況是他從未出過國。
2.賓語
(一)賓語的定義
賓語表示動作的對象或行為的承受者,用在及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語動詞之后?梢宰髻e語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、名詞化的形容詞、ing分詞短語、從句等。
(二)賓語的表現形式
(1)名詞
they went to see an exhibition yesterday.他們昨天去看了展覽。
he is going to buy a dictionary.他打算買本字典。
(2)代詞
the heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
那場大雨使我未能準時到校上學。
we should learn from him.我們應該向他學習。
(3)數詞
-how many dictionaries do you have?你有幾本字典?
-i have five.我有5本。
(4)名詞化的形容詞或分詞
they helped the old with their housework yesterday.他們昨天幫助老年人做家務。
we should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.
我們應該立刻把傷員送進醫院。
(5)不定式(短語)
he pretended not to see me.他假裝沒有看見我。
she didn?t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
(6)動名詞(短語)
i enjoy listening to popular music.我喜歡聽游行音樂。
he practises speaking english every day.他每天練習講英語。
(7)從句
i think (that) he is fit for his office.我認為他稱職。
he asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.他問我班上誰的發音最好。
(三)賓語的種類
(1)直接賓語
直接賓語表示動作的承受者或結果,通常指物。
lend me your dictionary, please.請把你的字典借給我。
excuse me, please. could you tell me the way to the railway station?
對不起,請問到火車站怎么走?
(2)間接賓語
間接賓語表示動作所向的或所為的人或物,通常指人。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前,也可位于直接賓語之后,但此時在它的前面須加介詞to。
the company sent us a few computers last year.公司去掉給我們送了幾臺計算機。
he sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.昨天他送給我一份生日禮物。
(3)復合賓語
有些動詞除了跟有賓語外,還需要一個詞來說明賓語的身份或狀態,以補充其意義的不足,這樣的詞或短語叫做賓語補足語。賓語與賓語補足語一起就叫做復合賓語,它們在邏輯上有主謂關系。如果直接賓語是不定式、動名詞或從句,常用it作形式賓語。
they elected him their monitor.他們選他當班長。(代詞+名詞)
i found the baby always happy.我發現這個嬰兒總是很愉快的。(名詞+形容詞)