牛津高一英語(yǔ)模塊1 Unit1學(xué)案1
分析: 定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有兩大類(lèi)：一類(lèi)是關(guān)系代詞，包括that, which, who, whom和whose。當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞時(shí)，要用who, whom或whose來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并且，它們分別在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；當(dāng)先行詞是指事物的名詞或代詞時(shí)，要用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；而that既可以指人，又可以指物。另一類(lèi)是關(guān)系副詞，常用的有where（表地點(diǎn)），when（表時(shí)間）及why（表原因）。本例中的先行詞指人，所以應(yīng)把which改成who或that。
2. the main topic people are talking about it at present is the construction of the yangtse three gorges
分析 the main topic是先行詞，people are ... about it at present是定語(yǔ)從句，其中關(guān)系代詞that或which在句中作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)，被省略了。所以it是重復(fù)的成分，應(yīng)該去掉。初學(xué)者很容易犯語(yǔ)意重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)當(dāng)十分注意。
3. god bless this ship and all that sails in her！分析 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。本例先行詞是一個(gè)表復(fù)數(shù)概念的代詞all，所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞sails應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，即sail。句意是：上帝保佑這條船和所有乘船的人吧！關(guān)于主謂一致，有一個(gè)特例值得注意。見(jiàn)第4例。
4. franklin d.roosevelt was the only one of the us presidents that were in office for 4 terms.
分析 當(dāng)先行詞是“the only one of the＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與one保持一致，用單數(shù)當(dāng)先行詞是“one of the ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與復(fù)數(shù)名詞保持一致，用復(fù)數(shù)。
例如：the great wall is one of the man-made constructions that have been seen from space.
5. the speed at that the rocket can escape from the earth is 11.2 kilometers per second.
分析 當(dāng)介詞提前時(shí)，不能用關(guān)系代詞that或who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而應(yīng)該用which或whom。這兒的先行詞speed是表事物的名詞，所以應(yīng)該把that改成which，而且不能省略（因?yàn)橹苯釉诮樵~后）。句意是：火箭的逃逸速度是每秒11.2公里。
6. this is a new type of airplane, which parts are all made at home.
分析 不管先行詞是指人還是物，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，都必須用whose；但是指物時(shí)，還可以用“the ＋名詞＋of which”的形式表示。故本例可改成：this is a new type of airplane, whose parts are all made at home.或者this is a new type of airplane, the parts of which are all made at home.
7. anything which exists in the universe has its two sides.
分析 當(dāng)先行詞是表事物的不定代詞，如all,everything,anything...時(shí),關(guān)系代詞要用that，而不用which，故本句要把關(guān)系代詞which 改為that。
8. whatever saddam did couldn’t change us mind to attack iraq, that we had expected.
分析 that 不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。本定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是一個(gè)先行句，即前面整個(gè)句子，所以本從句中的關(guān)系代詞that必須改為which。當(dāng)然也可以用when, where, who（m）等引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而且不可省略，whom也不能用who代替。