2016屆高考英語(yǔ)第一輪語(yǔ)法大全復(fù)習(xí)教案及配套練習(xí)3
1. 句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：
never have i seen such a performance. 從未見(jiàn)過(guò)如此糟糕的表演。
nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 無(wú)論如何你不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案的。
not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母親一直到孩子入睡后離開(kāi)房間。
當(dāng)not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：
i have never seen such a performance.
the mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1） why can\'t i smoke here?
at no time___ in the meeting-room
a. is smoking permitted b. smoking is permitted
c. smoking is it permitted d. does smoking permit
答案a. 這是一個(gè)倒裝問(wèn)題。當(dāng)否定詞語(yǔ)置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語(yǔ)序是 smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
a. man did know b. man know c. didn\'t man know d. did man know
答案d. 看到not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在c，d 中選一個(gè)。
改寫(xiě)為正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋琺an did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
14.3 以否定詞開(kāi)頭作部分倒裝
如 not only…but also, hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner… than等，要倒裝。例如：
not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他沒(méi)有收下禮物，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。
hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛出門(mén)，就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)訪。
no sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她剛出門(mén)，就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)訪。
典型例題
no sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
a. the game began b. has the game begun
c. did the game begin d. had the game begun
答案d. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句（謂語(yǔ)前置）。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but （also）, no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有當(dāng)not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如not only you but also i am fond of music。
14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
用這些詞表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒裝。例如：
tom can speak french. so can jack. 湯姆會(huì)講法語(yǔ)，杰克也會(huì)。
if you won\'t go, neither will i.你不去，我也不去。