2016屆高考英語第一輪語法大全復習教案及配套練習3
a. even, come b. even, have come c. ever, come d. ever, have come
答案d. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。
注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
（錯）i have received his letter for a month.
（對）i haven\'t received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比較since和for
since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如：
i have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
i have lived here since i was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
i worked here for more than twenty years. （我現在已不在這里工作。）
i have worked here for many years.（現在我仍在這里工作。）
注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1）（對） tom has studied russian for three years. = tom began to study russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（錯） harry has got married for six years. = harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 harry got married six years ago. 或 harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四種用法
1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
i have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。
2） since +一段時間+ ago。例如：
i have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經有五個月了。
3） since +從句。例如：
great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，變化可大了。
great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。
4） it is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：
it is two years since i became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1） 用于完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如：
he has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 （表結果）
i\'ve known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。（表經歷）
2） 用于till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用于肯定句，表示\"做……直到……\" 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示\"到……，才……\"。例如：
he didn\'t come back until ten o\'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
he slept until ten o\'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. you don\'t need to describe her. i ___ her several times.
a. had met b. have met c. met d. meet
答案b. 首先本題后句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。