2019屆高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
they stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(目的)
2)分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子開(kāi)頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。
reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch.由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)
reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)
reading carefully，you'll learn something new.只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)
his family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)
the boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.這男孩個(gè)子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結(jié)果)
we are glad to hear the news.我們很高興聽(tīng)到這消息。(原因)
（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的：
a：not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義
b：做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見(jiàn)的不定式動(dòng)詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。
c：不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)。
6.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常考的其它結(jié)構(gòu)
（1)疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
疑問(wèn)詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)。它在句中可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和雙重賓語(yǔ)。如：
when to start has not been decided.何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(主語(yǔ))
i don't know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語(yǔ))
the difficulty was how to cross the river.困難在于如何過(guò)河。(表語(yǔ))
i can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。（雙重賓語(yǔ)）
注）a.有時(shí)疑問(wèn)詞前可用介詞，如：
i have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
b.動(dòng)詞know 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，只能跟疑問(wèn)詞（如：how, what）+不定式：
while still a young boy, tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is carmen.
(2)介詞except和but作“只有…，只能…”講時(shí)跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式連用）。
when the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)不帶to的不定式
1）在表示生理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有：
feel 覺(jué)得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽(tīng)到
watch注視 listen to聽(tīng) perceive察覺(jué)，感知
notice注意 see看見(jiàn) look at看 hear聽(tīng)
on seeing the young child fell into the lake，eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.
2)另一類是某些使役動(dòng)詞，如make, let，have等。如：
let him do it.讓他做吧。
i would have you know that i am ill.我想要你知道我病了。
(注)：
①上述感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí).其后的不定式一般需帶to，如：
he was seen to come.
the boy was made to go to bed early.