初中英語語法總復習提綱5

  (2) 只有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動詞后面加合適的介詞。listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to。) / can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽到什么令人興奮的消息嗎？)   (3) 賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的后面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首。介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞后或句首。如：what did he see? (他看見了什么？) / what does he write a letter with? (他用什么寫的信？) / with what does he write a letter? (他用什么寫的信？)(4)“動詞+副詞+賓語”結構中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在“動”“副”之間。如：please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來。) / please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來。) / please put them away. (請把它們收起來。)(5) 動詞后面跟雙賓語時可以采用兩種結構：      ①動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)。如：he often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)②動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動詞是make, buy, borrow時,介詞用for.如： please make me a kite. (請給我做個風箏。)或please make a kite for me.  (6) 在“動詞+賓語+賓補”結構中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實際的賓語移到補語后面去。如：i found the job rather difficult. (我發覺這個工作相當難做。) / i found it rather difficult to do the job.  (7) 賓語可以由從句充當,詳見“賓語從句”。4、表語：(1) 說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當。如：he became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業他當上了醫生。) / the rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。) / he does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因為他得了重感冒。) / who is it?(誰呀？)(2) 表語只能放在連系動詞(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,對表語進行提問的句子除外。(3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓。如：it’s i. (it’s me.)是我。  (4) 只能作表語的形容詞有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。he was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) / please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢。) / i am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對獨坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。) / i am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才這樣想的。)(5) 表語也可以由從句充當,詳見“表語從句”。5、定語： (1) 修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問、不定)、介詞短語、不定式(短語)充當,在初三階段還學習了定語從句做定語的知識。如：put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜里。) / france and switzerland are european countries. (法國和瑞士是歐洲國家。) / his mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大學教師。) / this is the day that i can never forget in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子。)