初中英語語法總復習提綱5

[注意] 1、because與so；(al)though與but；if與so不可以同在一個句子中成對出現。   2、時間、條件、原因,讓步狀語從句放在句首時需要用逗號與主句隔開。(4) 定語從句：在復合句中作定語用修飾句子中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。① 定語從句的位置：放在名詞或代詞的后面。如：the man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。)② 語法術語的改變：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞；引導定語從句的連接詞稱為關系詞,其中that、which、who稱為關系代詞,where、when、how稱為關系副詞。③ 關系代詞或關系副詞的作用：關系代詞who、whom 和whose指人,分別在從句中作主語、賓語和定語。which指物that多指物, 有時也指人,它們在從句中可以作主語或賓語。定語從句中關系代詞作從句賓語時可以省略。this is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (這個就是我們近日一直在找的小偷。) / please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (請找一間足夠大能住下我們全體的房間。)關系副詞when或where引導定語從句時,它們在從句中分別作時間狀語和地點狀語。如：this is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (這是一個星期前他們吵架的房間。) / i can never forget the day when i first saw you. (我永遠不會忘記第一次見到你的日子。)   ④ 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句在句中不能省略,否則主句意思就不完整。非限制性定語從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,這種從句是一種附加說明,如果從句子中省去,也不致于影響主句的意思。如：she spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一個晚上都在談論她最近的書,我們一個人都沒有聽說過那本書。)[注解]1、關系代詞只能用that的情況：當先行詞是指事物的不定代詞(all, anything等),或先行詞部分含有最高級,或含有序數詞時,不能用其他的關系代詞,只能用that. 如：all that lily told me seems untrue. (lily告訴我的話似乎不真實。) / can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能給我點里面沒有糖的東西？) / this is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (這是第一輛運行于我市的雙層公交車。)  2、關系代詞在從句中作主語時一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如：do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你認識那個在角落里哭泣的女人嗎？) / do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我無關的話,請一個字也不要說。)3、關系代詞作從句的賓語時,常用which或whom,較少使用that或who,而且,關系代詞常常省略。如：tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (tom的父親是我們老師第一個談話的人。) 4、當關系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時,必須用which或whom,而當介詞移到句尾時,則又可以使用that或who. 如：this is the room in which miss li once lived. (= this is the room  miss li once lived in.) (這是李小姐曾經居住過的房間。)