初中英語語法總復習提綱5
④have+過去分詞。如:many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)
⑤一般時問句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形動詞。如:he does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子過的不好。)/ did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你們當中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎?)
⑥行為動詞1+行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如:he made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做個獸醫。)/ feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。)/ they wake up the other family members, calling,“merry christmas!”(他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著:圣誕快樂!)/ the kings of ancient egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳墓。)
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動詞。
(5)謂語動詞單復數形式:單數形式的動詞有:is,was,has,does以及“動詞+s”;復數形式的動詞有:are,were,have以及動詞原形。其他動詞不分單、復數。
謂語部分第一個動詞的形式
單數形式
復數形式
一般現在時be(是)動詞;
現在某些時態和語態的助動詞be
am (單一); are (單二); is (單三);
are
一般過去時be(是)動詞;
過去某些時態和語態的助動詞be
was (單一); were (單二); was;(單三)
were
一般現在時have(有)動詞;
現在完成時態的助動詞have
have (單一); have (單二); has (單三);
have
一般現在時行為動詞和助動詞do
do (單一、單二); does (單三)
do
實意動詞和連系動詞的一般現在時動詞(否定和疑問句除外)
原形動詞(單一、單二); 動詞+s /es (單三)
原形動詞
其他各時態語態的謂語動詞
單復數形式相同
記住:主語、謂語單復數必須保持一致。(參見“4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題:”) air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對于我們大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應該使用“是”動詞、情態動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如:the olympic games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----yes, it is.(奧運會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎?----是的。)3、賓語:(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當,表示動作的承受者是“誰”或者是“何物”。如: the angel also came to joseph and told him the same thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前并且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當兩個賓語) / he told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那么多的錢。)(不定式作賓語) / they enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他們如此喜愛看足球以至于常常忘記了他們的功課。)(動名詞作賓語) / i think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我認為當個兒童醫生是很值得的。)(從句作賓語)