初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)提綱5
(5) 主語(yǔ)從句：在句子中充當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。通常由that,whether以及疑問(wèn)連詞引導(dǎo)。一般情況下,常用it替代主語(yǔ)從句,而將主語(yǔ)從句移到句尾。如：when we should start is still a question. (我們?cè)撛谑裁磿r(shí)候開(kāi)始還是個(gè)問(wèn)題呢。) 十五、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(初中不作特別要求)1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)：在陳述句中,直接引用說(shuō)話人原來(lái)的語(yǔ)句,稱為直接引語(yǔ)。在書寫時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)用引號(hào)。用自己的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述表達(dá)原來(lái)說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,稱為間接引語(yǔ)。2、直接引語(yǔ)改變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)：1、直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下各點(diǎn)：①不用引號(hào),而用連接詞that,但有時(shí)可省略。②人稱作相應(yīng)變化；③主句里的動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)一般應(yīng)作相應(yīng)改變： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過(guò)去時(shí)；一般將來(lái)時(shí)變過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)；但一般過(guò)去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用,則時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：he says,"i am not from the usa.”→he says that he is not from the usa. mr smith said to his girl friend,“ i haven’ t seen you for a long time.” →mr smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.2、直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),需用從屬連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo),詞序要改變。如：lin tao said to miss green, "is it made in china?” →lin tao asked miss green if it was made in china. 3、直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),需用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo),詞序是：連詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。 如：lucy said to me, “how can i help?” →lucy asked me how she could help.4、直接引語(yǔ)如是祈使句,變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),須將祈使句變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式,并在動(dòng)詞不定式前用tell, ask, order. 如：he said to the little boy,“ come here, young man! ” →he asked the little boy to go there.5、直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),指示代詞以及表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的詞或詞組應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化：在直接引語(yǔ)中 在間接引語(yǔ)中thatthosethenbeforethat daythat week ( month,etc.)the next week ( month,etc.)the day beforethe next (following) daythere thisthesenowagotodaythis week(month,etc.)next week ( month,etc.)yesterdaytomorrowhere十六、倒裝句： 謂語(yǔ)的一部分或者全部放在主語(yǔ)之前的句子稱為倒裝句。1、there be句型以及以here、there開(kāi)頭的句子。如： there are a lot of children in the showroom. (在展覽室里有許多的小孩。)/ here comes the bus. (公交車來(lái)了。) / there goes the bell. (鈴響了。) / the door opened and in came mr lee. (門開(kāi)了,李先生走了進(jìn)來(lái)。)2、用“so / nor / neither + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)表示第二個(gè)人物的情況與上文的人物情況相同。如：tom went to the beach last week, and, so did i. (tom上個(gè)星期去了海灘,我也是。) / li mei’s bought nothing from the shop. neither has jim. (李梅沒(méi)有在店里買什么,jim也沒(méi)有買。)