初中英語語法總復習提綱5
(2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之后。如:it is very comfortable to have a class a seat during the long journey. (在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) / eating too much is bad for your health.(=it is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)(3)口語中常見主語或“主--系”省略:(it is) nothing. ((那)沒有什么。)/ (it) doesn’t matter. ((那)沒有關系。) / (i) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)(4)反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞:the man looks worried,doesn’t he? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎?) / tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎?)(5)祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) / you go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)(6)主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處于第二位和句尾;倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之后。如:computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產于這家工廠。) / where are they? (他們在哪兒?) / does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家里嗎?)(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。neither jim nor rose has passed the exam. (jim和rose都沒有通過考試。) / the chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。) (8)主語可以由從句充當,詳見“主語從句”。2、謂語:(1)由“不及物動詞”、“及物動詞+賓語”或“系動詞+表語”等構成,說明主語所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。如: he travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / who teaches you english this year?(今年誰教你們的英語?) / the pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經變壞。) /(2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復數、時態等信息,謂語動詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構成:[情態動詞]+[時態助動詞]+[語態助動詞]+[主要動詞](不一定全部出現)。(見動詞的時態和語態構成表) 記住:謂語部分第一個動詞往往是變形動詞。如: i am sorry i am making so much noise but i have to. (對不起我發出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / he can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達800頁的小說。) / something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)謂語動詞切忌用“行為動詞1 + 原形動詞”、“be + 原形動詞”。
記住使用下列正確形式:
①情態動詞+原形動詞。如:you’d better go over the lesson.(你最好復習這一課。)
②shall/ will/ would+原形動詞。如:they should have been there once.(他們應該去過那兒。)
③be+現在分詞或者過去分詞。如:what are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)/ many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自從20世紀70年代大批樹木被砍伐。)