初中英語語法總復習提綱4

(14)hear、hear of、hear from、learn的用法： hear“聽說”,后面可以跟名詞、代詞、從句表示聽見的內容,hear of“聽說”,后面跟人,指對某人有耳聞但沒有見過面；hear from“收到……的來信”,后面加人；learn“聽說、得知”,后面跟從句,含義與hear相似。如：i hear mr green is coming to see us tonight. (我聽說格林先生今晚要來看望我們)/ have you ever heard of the man who once went to the himalaya mountains? (你是否聽說過那個去過喜馬拉雅山的人？)/ how often do you hear from your father? (隔多久你收到你父親的信？)/ he learned the musician himself was in town.(他聽說音樂家本人就在城里) (15)speak、talk、say、tell的用法：四個詞與“說”有關。speak“講話、發(fā)言、演說”,是不及物動詞,涉及人時要加介詞to,speak作及物動詞時后面跟語言名稱；talk“談話、閑談”,是不及物動詞,涉及人時用介詞with、to等,涉及事情時后面跟介詞about等；say 是及物動詞,后面跟名詞、代詞、從句等,表示說的內容；tell是及物動詞,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟從句或者介詞短語等。如：do you speak english? (你講英語嗎？)/ who spoke at the meeting? (誰在會上發(fā)了言？)/ our teacher is talking to lin tao’s parent. (我們的老師正在跟林濤的家長講話)/ can you say it in english? (你能用英語說出它嗎？)/ please tell me something about the strange flying object. (請跟我講講那個奇怪的飛行物的事情吧)(16)be able to(do)、can的用法：can是情態(tài)動詞,有許多含義,表示“可能、可以、會”等意思,只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式；be able to表示能力上“會”,有多種時態(tài)形式,to后面跟動詞原形,有時可以與can/could互換。如：can you speak english? (你會說英語嗎？)/ he couldn’t(wasn’t able to) swim when he was 12. (他十二歲時不會游泳) (17)there be、have的用法：兩個詞都可以譯為“有”,但是,have表示的是“擁有”,主語必須是人或者物；there be表示“存在”的概念,主語在there be之后。如：how many brothers and sisters do you have?  i have only one brother. (你有多少兄弟？我只有一個兄弟。)/ how many chairs and desks are there in their classroom? there is none. (他們教室里有多少張桌椅？一張也沒有。)    [注解]there be sb./sth doing與there be sb./sth to do 有所不同：用doing表示一個正在發(fā)生的事情,而用to do 則表示一個滯后或遲于there be的動作。如： look! there is a dog lying on the stairway. / take your time. there is nothing for you to do tonight.(18)borrow、lend、keep的用法：表示“借”的三個詞,borrow“借進”、lend“出借”都是一次性動作,不可以和表示一段的時間狀語連用；keep“保存”用來表示借一段時間。如： i have lost the book i borrowed from my teacher. what can i do? (我丟掉了從老師那里借來的書)/  how long have you kept my dictionary,eh?for more than two months! (呃,我的字典你借了多久了？兩個多月了！)