初中英語語法總復習提綱4

ask(請) / tell(關照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(讓) / help(幫) / invite(邀請) / like(喜歡) / warn(警告) /

+sb. / sth.

+to (do)make(使得) / let(讓) / hear(聽) / see(看) / feel(感覺) / watch(觀看)/ have(使得) / help(幫助)

+sb. / sth.

+ (do)  如：mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(媽媽叫我幫助她做飯)/ i would like you to see my parents.(我想要你見見我的父母)/ the boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常讓工人們一天工作14小時)/ now let me hear you play the violin.(現在讓我來聽你拉小提琴)        [注意] help之后做賓補的不定式符號to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的賓補用不定式與現在分詞時,含義不同,需特別注意,(參見現在分詞部分)。試比較：      i heard her crying when i walked past.(我路過時聽到她正在哭)(指當時瞬間的情況)      i sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近聽她唱新歌)(指整個過程)   (3)動名詞① 動名詞由動詞原形加詞尾“ing”構成。動名詞有動詞的特征,可以跟賓語,可以被狀語修飾；它也有名詞的特征,在句子中可以作主語、賓語(包括介詞賓語)等。動名詞加相關詞語(賓語或狀語等)構成動名詞短語。② 動名詞可以作主語。一般可用it作形式主語而將動名詞短語后移。如：learning english all by yourself is not so easy.(自學好英語不那么容易)(=it is not so easy learning english all by yourself.)③ 動名詞可以作賓語。[a] want / need之后用動名詞時,含有被動意思。如：your car needs reparing badly.(你的車急需修理。)(被修)my hair needs cutting.(我要理發。)(頭發被理)[b] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用動名詞時,與用不定式含義不同。如：i forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫封信)(根本沒寫) / i forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫過信)(寫了卻忘了) / they stopped to look back.(他們停下來向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / they stopped looking back.(他們停止向后看)(不向后看了)[c] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等詞一般用動名詞作賓語。如：do you mind my closing the door?(把門關上你介意嗎？)/ she hates travelling by air.(她討厭坐飛機旅行)/ they went swimming every afternoon.(他們每天下午去游泳)/ i enjoy walking around the town.(我喜歡在鎮上轉悠)[d] like / love / start / begin / learn后面用動名詞時,與用不定式意思相近或相同。如：we began to study english when we were at primary school.(我們在小學時就開始學英語了) / we began studying english when we were at primary school. (我們在小學時就開始學英語了)④ 動名詞可以作表語,此時特別注意不要與現在進行時混淆。如：my job is putting these parts  together.(我的事情是把這些部件拼起來) / i am putting these parts together.(我正在把這些部件拼起來)