初中英語語法總復習提綱4

(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法：bring指從遠處“拿來”；take指從面前“拿走”；carry指一般的搬運,不涉及方向；send主要指“送、派遣、寄”；lift指把東西由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。   (20)hope、wish的用法：兩個詞都表示“希望”,但是,hope表達有把握或信心實現的事情,后面直接跟動詞不定式或者賓語從句,不可以跟動名詞或作賓語補足語的不定式；wish表達實現的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名詞、賓語從句(用過去時)或者作賓語補足語的不定式。如：we all hope to see him very soon. (我們全都希望盡快見到他)/ i hope it will be fine tomorrow so that we can go out. (我希望明天天好,這樣我們就能出去了。)/ how i wish it was not raining at the moment!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨！)(事實上天正在下雨)   (21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法：      spend的賓語通常是金錢或時間,句型：sb.+(spend)+時間/金錢+on sth / (in) doing sth. ；take的主語通常是事情,句型：sth./it + (take)+sb.+時間+to do… 。(如果是動作則常用it作形式主語將動詞不定式后移)； cost的賓語通常是時間、金錢、力氣,句型：sth. +(cost)+sb.+時間/金錢/力氣. ；pay的賓語通常是金錢,句型：sb.+(pay)+金錢+for+事物. 如：she spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一個晚上看那本小說)/ this job will take me two days.=it will take me two days to do the job. (做這件事情要花我兩天的時間)/ how much does a house like this cost? (像這樣的房子要花多少錢？)/ i paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元從他那兒買了書) (22)begin、start的用法：begin在大多數情況下可以替代start,(反義詞是end),后面接不定式或動名詞時區別不大,但是start還可以表示“開始、出發、啟動”,反義詞是stop；某事停止后再重新開始一般用start.如：when did you begin/start to learn english? (你什么時候開始學英語的？)/ they started getting in the crops after the rain stopped. (雨停后他們開始收割莊稼) / this time he could not start his car. (這次他沒法啟動他的汽車) (23)arrive in/at、reach、get to的用法：arrive是不及物動詞,到達具體地點時后面加介詞at,到達一個大的地方(國家、城市)時后面加介詞in,arrive后面可以直接跟地點副詞here/there/home等；get表示“到達”時是不及物動詞,涉及地點(無論大小)時后面加to,get后面可以直接跟地點副詞here等；reach是及物動詞,后面直接跟地點名詞。如：he arrived in san francisco last sunday. (上個星期天他抵達舊金山)/ how did you get there in the night? (你是怎樣在夜間到達那里的？)/ we hurried all the way and reached the station just five minutes before the train left. (我們一路狂奔在火車啟動前5分鐘到達車站)   (24)be made of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for的區別：be made of指從制成品中可以看得出原材料,而be made from則指從制成品中看不出原材料,口語中都可以換成be made out of。 be made into表示“被制成……”,be made in表達被制造的地點,be made by表達制造的人,be made for表達被制造的目的。如：this kind of paper is made from bamboo. (這種紙是由竹子生產的)/ the desk is made of wood and metal. (桌子是鐵和木頭打的)/ a lot of paper has been made into paper birds. (許多紙被折疊成了小鳥)/ computers are made in these cities. (計算機是在這幾個城市制造的)/ this kite was made by uncle wang. (這個風箏是王叔叔