初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)提綱4
③過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中、after引導(dǎo)的從句中,或者從句是before引導(dǎo)的主句中。如：after i had put on my shoes and hat,i walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進(jìn)了黑暗之中)/ he said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說(shuō)他以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)袋鼠)(8) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。①過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞一律用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”。②過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常由于賓語(yǔ)從句中,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：later, soon, the next (day).③在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不可以使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),而應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：he promised that he would pay me a lot if i helped him with the project.(他答應(yīng)付給我許多錢(qián)如果我?guī)椭隳莻�(gè)項(xiàng)目)/ every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就會(huì)坐下來(lái)看看書(shū))④表示純粹的將來(lái)時(shí)用would或should,表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用was/were going to (+動(dòng)詞原形)。如：she told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個(gè)月就18歲了)/ she told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步)⑤過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還可以表示一個(gè)過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。如：when it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時(shí)他會(huì)隨身帶一把雨傘) (9)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指一個(gè)從過(guò)去就開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,它具有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)雙重特征,結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has + been +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。如：i have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已經(jīng)在冰冷的水里游了將近兩個(gè)小時(shí))/ how long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久？)6、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)定義：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式,用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。如果主語(yǔ)是 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(即某人做某事),便叫主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的區(qū)別不是詞序的區(qū)別,而是主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)意義上的區(qū)別。在英語(yǔ)中只有及物動(dòng)詞和一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的詞組才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。(2)英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后的by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可省去。具體結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)下表：現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一 般 將 來(lái) 時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu) 成amis +p.p.areamis +being+p.p.arewill + be+p.p.amis +going to+ be + p.p.arehave(has) +been+p.p.
過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò) 去 進(jìn) 行 時(shí)過(guò) 去 將 來(lái) 時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu) 成was +p.p.werewas +being+p.p.werewould +be+p.p.was +going to+be+p.p.werehad +been+p.p.