初中英語語法總復習提綱4
⑤ 動名詞與現在分詞構成相同,但是含義不同,動名詞主要表示事情,而現在分詞則主要表示進行著的動作。如：eating too much is not good for your health. (動名詞短語,作主語) / seeing is believing.(動名詞短語,分別作主語和表語) / he ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(現在分詞,作定語) / his father saw him sitting on some eggs.(現在分詞,作賓補)(4)分詞： 包含現在分詞和過去分詞。(高中學習重點)① 主要區別：現在分詞一般有主動的意思或表示動作正在進行的意思；過去分詞有被動或動 作已經完成的意思。分詞可以有自己的賓語或狀語。② 分詞或分詞短語在句子中作定語、狀語和復合賓語等。[a] 作定語：分詞作定語時,一般要放在修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語作定語時,則要放在所修飾的名詞之后。 如：i have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / the woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“stop the thief!”(跟著小偷追的婦女大喊：捉小偷！) / yesterday i met a man called mr. black.(昨天我遇見了一個名叫布萊克先生的人)/ he only gave me a broken glass,so i was very angry with him.(他只給了我一個壞玻璃杯,所以我很生他的氣)[b] 現在分詞可以作下列動詞的賓語補足語。(參考不定式作賓語補足語)謂語動詞(vt.)
賓語
賓語補足語
keep(保持) / see(看到) /
hear(聽到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感覺到)
sb./sth.
(do)ing 如：mum kept me working all the week.(媽媽讓我一個星期都在工作)/ when i entered the room,i saw jack eating a big pear.(我進入房間時看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ in the dark i felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有個冷的東西在我的腳上移動)[c] 現在分詞可以作狀語,表示伴隨情況。如：she came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走進教室,手上抓著一沓紙)/ i am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(這些日子我正忙著準備即將來到的口語考試)[d] 過去分詞可以作表語,放在連系動詞后面,但要注意不要與被動語態混淆,“主系表”主要表示狀態,而被動語態則表示動作。常用過去分詞作表語的結構有：be worried (焦慮) / be pleased (高興) / be tired (疲勞) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮喪) / become intereted in (對…感興趣)等等。例略。 [e] 過去分詞可以作賓語補足語。如：i had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我讓人給我理了發)(注意：have sth. done表示動作由別人來做,而have done sth.則為現在完成時的結構,兩個結構不可以混淆)8、動詞用法辨析：(1)“why not+動詞原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是簡略句,完全形式是：why don’t you +動詞原形+…?如：why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看？)/ why not try it once again?(為什么不再試試？)(2) seem(好象)的用法：記住幾個結構：①sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容詞+…；②sb./sth. + seem + like +…；③sb/sth + seem + to (do)；④it seems that + 從句。如：he seemed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster. (被校長叫到名字時他好象很開心) / it seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except jim. (除了吉姆好象沒有什么人會做出如此愚蠢的事情來)