初中英語語法總復習提綱4
[注] p.p.表示過去分詞。(1) 被動語態的用法：① 不知道誰是動作的執行者(即不知道誰做)時用被動語態,省略by短語。如：a man was killed in the accident.(一個人死于事故)/ this window was broken yesterday.(這扇窗子是昨天被打破的)②不說或者眾所周知是誰做時,用被動語態,省略by短語。如：rice is also grown in this place.(這個地方也種水稻)/ a railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后這里將要修建一條鐵路)③強調動作的承受者,句尾加by短語。如：it was written by lu xun.(它(書)是魯迅寫的)/ a pet dog is never killed by its owner.(寵物狗是不會被主人宰殺的)(2) 主動語態如何改寫為被動語態： 主動句： 主語(人/物) + 謂語(及物動詞) + 賓語(人/物) + 其他 + 狀語 (動作的執行者) (各種時態形式) (動作的承受者) 被動句： 主語(人/物) + 謂語(及物動詞) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 狀語 (動作的承受者) (be +過去分詞) (動作的執行者) (3) 注意點：①“動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”改為被動時,可以用間接賓語做被動句的主語。如： his teacher gave him a dictionary.→he was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→他得到老師一本字典)也可以用直接賓語做被動句的主語,但是需用to或者for引出原句的間接賓語。如：his teacher gave him a dictionary.→a dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→一本字典由老師送給了他)/his father made him a kite.→a kite was made for him by his father.(他的父親給他做了一個風箏→一個風箏由他的父親做給了他)②“動詞+賓語+動詞原形”改為被動時,動詞原形前要加to.如：the boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→the poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板讓這個可憐的人一天工作12小時→這個可憐人被迫一天工作12小時)③“動詞+…+介詞”改為被動時,介詞一般在原位不動。如：the girl takes good care of her little brother.→the girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顧小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著)④“be+過去分詞”未必表示被動語態,而可能是系表結構。如：he is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……) he was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被動)(他被擊中/撞倒/關照/射中……)7、動詞的非謂語形式：動詞不做謂語時的固定形式。