初中英語語法總復習提綱4
(6)現在完成時 現在完成時表示一個發生在過去的、對現在仍有影響的動作,或表示開始在過去,并且一直延續到現在,甚至還可能延續下去的動作。①在完成時由“助動詞have (has)+動詞的過去分詞”構成。②表示發生在過去的對現在仍有影響的動作時,時間狀語有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：i have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/ he has just gone to england.(他剛去英國)③表示在過去開始一直延續到現在(可能延續下去)的動作或狀態時,時間狀語有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導的狀語從句。如：i have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉有30年了)/ uncle wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)④口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：they have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書)⑤have been to與have gone to的區別：have gone to(“已經去了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過”)表示人在這里。如：--where is mr li? –he has gone to the uk.(李先生在哪里？他去了英國。)/ --do you know something about beijing? –yes,i have been to beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎？是的,我去過那里三次。)⑥在完成時中,一個瞬間性動詞(一次性動作)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續性動詞或狀態動詞。具體變化見下表：瞬間性動詞的完成時
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延續性動詞或狀態動詞的完成時have(already)gone to…havebeen in / at …for (two years)has come to…hasbeen heresince (1990)(had) left…(had)been away from… arrived… been in… died been dead begun been on ended been over bought... had… borrowed… kept… joined… been in … 或者使用下面這個句型：it is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主語(人)+謂語(過去時)+……+過去時間狀語 [注意] 在其它的時態中也存在類似問題,記住,關鍵是：瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如：how long may i keep the book?(這本書我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)(7) 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發生之前已經完成的動作。簡言之, 過去完成時所表示的時間是“過去的過去”。①過去完成時由“助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞”構成。②過去完成時時間狀語有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語,也會有for… 或since…構成的時間狀語。如：they had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當老師來的時候他們已經打掃完了教室)/ the woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經走掉了)