2018屆高考英語第一輪語法專題復習非謂語動詞
(6)用作狀語：常表示原因、結果、條件、目的等。
he stopped to talk to an old man.(目的)
i rushed to the station, only to find the train already gone.(結果)
he was happy to hear the news.(原因)
另外：in order to; so as to引導目的狀語，“為了,以便”;so...as to
引導結果狀語，“太……以致……”。
(7)用在疑問詞后面，如what to do,構成不定式復合結構,相當于名
詞，作主語、賓語和表語。例如：
the question is where to get a computer.(表語)
i really don’t know what to do.(賓語)
how to get rid of the pollution is still a problem.(主語)
【注意】不定式也有一定的時態和語態；有否定式、完成式、進
行式、被動式等和自己的邏輯主語：
(1)被動形式：
he asked to be sent to the front.
(2)進行式：
he pretended to be listening attentively.
(3)完成式：
he is said to have gone abroad.
(4)否定式：(to)前加not：
he pretended not to have seen me.
(5)不定式的邏輯主語有兩種情況(用for sb.或of sb.)：
it’s high time for us to plant trees.
it’s very kind of you to say so.
動詞的過去分詞
(1)作定語
及物動詞的過去分詞，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去
分詞，只表示完成。單個的分詞作定語，放在它所修飾的詞
的前面;分詞短語作定語，放在它所修飾的詞的后面。例如：
a broken cup is lying on the floor.
the meeting held yesterday was very important.
(2)作表語：
表狀態，與句子主語是被動關系。例如：
he seemed quite delighted at the idea.
the city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
(3)作狀語
動詞的過去分詞相當于副詞，可以在句子中作狀語，與句子主
語是邏輯上的主謂關系，兩者往往是被動關系，即主語是過去
分詞動作的承受者。
seen from space, the earth looks like a ball.
compared with the people in iraq, we are much happier.