2019高考二輪復習英語教案: 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構
1、獨立主格結構與分詞短語都可以轉化成狀語從句。但是，獨立主格結構轉換成狀語從句后，有自己的邏輯主語，與主句 的主語不一致；而分詞短語轉化為狀語從句后，從句的主語與主句的主語相同。例：
⑴ if time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend. －→time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.
如果時間允許，本周末我們最好休息一下。
⑵ when we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. －→seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. 從頂樓上看，花園更漂亮。
2、 還應該注意，分詞結構的邏輯主語不是總和主句 的主語一致，而是主句的其他成分。語法上稱作“依著原則”；有些分詞結構在句子上找不到它的邏輯主語，語法上稱作“懸垂分詞”。例：
⑴ looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time. 在屋里找表，用了我很長時間。(依著原則)
⑵ when planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root. (我們)種花時必須小心，不能碰壞花根。（懸垂分詞）
六、獨立主格結構與獨立成分的異同：
1、有的 分詞短語可以獨立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實際上已經成了習慣短語。這些短語有：generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from; supposing等等。
例：
⑴ generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.總的來說，這個規則很容易懂。
⑵ judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl. 根據他所說的，她一定很誠實。
2 、有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場和態度，在句中作獨立 成分。這些短語有：to be honest; to be sure; to tell you the truth; to cut a long story short; to be frank; to make the matter worse等等。例：
⑴ to tell you the truth, what i said at the meeting was not my opinion. 說實話，我在會上說的并不是我的意見。
⑵ to make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car. 更糟糕的是，他把鑰匙鎖在車里了
七、非謂語動詞獨立主格結構
在獨立主格結構中，非謂語動詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。
such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有這么能干的人來幫你, 你遲早一定會成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之間存在著主謂關系）
= since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
he seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在書桌旁坐好后，他母親開始給他講故事。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語he，注意是“主格”）
= when he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
the key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.
由于丟了自行車鑰匙，他只好步行去學校。（lost 的邏輯主語是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）
= because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.