2019高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案: 非謂語動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語、時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。在形式上，“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。
a.作狀語
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句或并列分句。
1.表示時(shí)間
night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降臨，我們?cè)谝患倚÷灭^住了下來。
（= when night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）
all the guests seated, they began their dinner.
所有的客人就坐后，他們才開始吃飯。
（= when all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）
with everything she needed bought, grace took a taxi home.
所需要的都買好后，格雷斯打的回家了。
（after everything she needed was bought, grace took a taxi home.）
2.表示原因
with a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
有許多難題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。
（= as he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）
there being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.
由于在半夜沒有交通工具了， 他只好步行回家。
(= as there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)
3.表示條件
weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.
如果天氣允許的話，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
（= if weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）
all the work done, you can have a rest.
所有工作做好后，你可以休息。
（=as long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）
everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. 如果從各方面考慮，你的計(jì)劃似乎更實(shí)際些 。
（= if everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）
提示：
表示時(shí)間、原因、條件的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句首，并且不能保留連詞。
【誤】when class being over, the students left their classroom.
【正】class (being) over, the students left their classroom. 下課了，學(xué)生都離開了教室。
【誤】the moon appearing and they continued their way.
【正】the moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出來了，他們繼續(xù)趕路。
4.表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明
the strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.
那個(gè)奇怪的男人在街上走著,手里拿著根手杖。
（= the strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）
the murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
殺人犯被帶了進(jìn)來，手被捆在背后。
（=the murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）
two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
有兩百人在事故中喪生，其中許多是兒童。